水肥草调控对玉露香梨果实产量和品质的影响
解艳玲 , 尹志荣 , 马文礼 , 陈萍 , 谢静波
农业科学研究(中英文) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (03) : 63 -67.
水肥草调控对玉露香梨果实产量和品质的影响
Effect of Water and Fertilizer Regulation on Fruit Yield and Quality of Yuluxiangli with Grass Between Rows
以4年生玉露香梨为试验材料,研究有机肥替代氮肥、滴灌量、行间生草、锌肥不同组合模式对玉露香梨果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:产量和单株结果数最优的组合为百脉根+灌水量180 m3+有机肥替代10%氮肥+锌肥900 g·667-1m-2。通过对玉露香梨果实品质指标进行主成分分析,表明可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和果实硬度对果实品质的方差贡献率最大,分别为36.05%、19.53%和17.35%,累计方差贡献率为72.93%。不同滴灌量、有机肥替代氮肥、行间牧草种类、锌肥施用量拟合条件下,玉露香梨果实品质综合得分以T10的最高,为最优组合,即百脉根+滴灌量180 m3+有机肥替代15%氮肥+锌肥900 g·667-1m-2,适宜在银川郊区果园大力推广。
This study used 4-year-old Yuluxiangli pears as test material to investigate the effects of substituting organic fertilizer for nitrogen fertilizer, irrigation volume, inter-row grass, and zinc fertilizer on the yield and quality of Yuluxiangli pears. The results indicated that the optimal combination for yield and number of fruits per tree was fertilizer Baimaigen plus irrigation volume of 180 m³ plus 10% nitrogen substitution with organic fertilizer plus Zn 900 g·667-1m-2. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the fruit quality indicators showed that soluble solids, titratable acid, and fruit hardness contributed the most to the variance in fruit quality, with contribution rates of 36.05%, 19.53%, and 17.35%, respectively, resulting in a cumulative contribution rate of 72.93%. Under different conditions of irrigation volume, organic fertilizer substitution for nitrogen, inter-row grass species, and zinc application, the comprehensive quality score of Yuluxiangli fruit was highest for treatment T10, which is fertilizer Baimaigen plus irrigation volume of 180 m³ plus 15% nitrogen substitution with organic fertilizer plus Zn 900 g·667-1m-2, and is recommended for vigorous promotion in orchards in the suburbs of Yinchuan.
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