不同生长时间苋菜对土壤中镉的富集特性
Cadmium accumulation characteristics of Amaranthus tricolor at different growth durations
以湖南省浏阳市镉重度污染管控区土壤及红圆叶苋菜(Amaranthus tricolor L.)为试验材料,通过大田试验及盆栽试验研究苋菜富集镉的特性及种植苋菜对土壤镉含量的影响。大田试验以不种植苋菜为对照,设苋菜生长时间为15、30、45和60 d,观测不同生长时间苋菜不同部位对镉的富集能力的差异;开展盆栽试验观测种植苋菜后土壤镉含量(w)及化学形态变化。结果表明:苋菜根、茎、叶中的镉含量存在差异,不同处理均以根部镉含量最高。苋菜各部位对土壤镉的富集能力(BCF)大小依次为根、叶、茎。随着苋菜生长时间推移,苋菜各部位BCF值均呈现先升高再降低的趋势,在生长45 d时达到最大值,根、茎、叶的BCF分别为26.61、18.05、21.85;4个试验处理中,苋菜茎对镉的转移系数无显著变化,而叶对镉的转移系数呈现随着生长时间推移而升高,表明苋菜体内的镉会随着生长时间推移而持续向叶迁移。在盆栽试验中,种植苋菜的土壤w(总镉)为2.96 mg·kg-1,显著低于未种植苋菜的土壤(3.15 mg·kg-1)。种植苋菜后,土壤有效镉含量亦显著降低,酸可溶态镉含量升高而残渣态镉含量降低,说明种植苋菜使土壤镉含量降低,同时使土壤镉形态发生改变。研究表明,苋菜能在重度镉污染土壤中生长并富集土壤中的镉。
With heavily Cd-contaminated soil from Liuyang City, Hunan Province, and Amaranthus tricolor L. (red round-leaf amaranth) used as materials, field and pots experiments were conducted to characterize Cd accumulation by amaranth and evaluate the effects of amaranth cultivation on soil Cd content and speciation. In the field, plots without amaranth were used as controls, and amaranth was grown for 15, 30, 45, and 60 days to compare Cd accumulation among roots, stems, and leaves across growth durations. In plots, we monitored changes in total Cd (w), available Cd, and chemical fractions following amaranth cultivation. The results showed that Cd concentrations differed among plant organs and were consistently highest in roots. The bio-concentration factor (BCF) for Cd followed in the decreasing order in root, leaf, and stem. BCF values in all organs increased initially and then declined, peaking at 45 days (roots 26.61, stems 18.05, leaves 21.85). Across the four growth durations, the stem translocation factor (TF) for Cd did not vary significantly, whereas the leaf TF increased over time, indicating progressive Cd translations within plants toward leaves. In the pot experiment, total soil Cd(w) under amaranth cultivation was 2.96 mg∙kg–1, significantly lower than the 3.15 mg∙kg–1 in the unplanted control. Amaranth cultivation also significantly reduced soil available Cd, increased the acid-soluble Cd fraction, and decreased the residual Cd fraction, indicating both a reduction in the soil Cd mass fraction and a shift in Cd speciation. Overall, A. tricolor L. can grow in heavily Cd-contaminated soil and effectively accumulate Cd.
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