叶面喷施碳量子点对玉米生长、产量及品质的影响
郑国保 , 李苗 , 黄慧 , 康振辉 , 朱金霞
农业科学研究(中英文) ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (01) : 83 -89.
叶面喷施碳量子点对玉米生长、产量及品质的影响
Effects of foliar application of carbon quantum dots on maize growth, yield and quality
研究叶面喷施不同浓度碳量子点(CDs)对玉米生长、产量和品质的影响,明确叶面喷施CDs的适宜浓度。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,于玉米6叶期、大喇叭口期和吐丝期喷施浓度(w)分别为0(YCK)、5.00%(YC1)、10.00%(YC2)、20.00%(YC3)和40.00%(YC4)的CDs。结果表明:前期喷施CDs对玉米生长的影响不明显,随着喷施次数增加可明显增加茎直径和干物质的积累量;YC3处理的叶绿素SPAD值、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度与YCK的差异显著,在灌浆始期较YCK增加8.38%、801.15%、210.34%、254.13%和198.50%,在乳熟期较YCK增加6.36%、261.60%、103.33%、126.73%和185.09%;收获后YC3的穗行数、行粒数、百粒质量和产量较YCK增加4.81%、4.10%、5.21%和9.98%,籽粒粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量较YCK增加6.54%和14.71%。因此,叶面喷施w(CDs)为20.00%时,能够增强玉米叶片光合能力,促进光合作用,对玉米产量和品质的提升具有明显的促进作用。
This study investigated the effects of foliar application of carbon quantum dots (CDs) at different concentrations on maize growth, yield and grain quality, and identified the optimal application rate. A single-factor randomized complete block design was used. Foliar sprays of 0(YCK), 5.00%(YC1), 10.00%(YC2), 20.00%(YC3) and 40.00%(YC4) CDs were applied at the 6-leaf stage, the large bell-mouth(pre-tasseling) stage, and the silking stage. The results show that early applications of CDs had little effect on maize growth, but stem diameter and dry matter accumulation increased markedly with successive sprays. At the onset of grain filling, the 20% CDs treatment (YC3) showed increases over the control (YCK) of 8.38% in SPAD (chlorophyll index), 801.15% in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), 210.34% in transpiration rate (Tr), 254.13% in stomatal conductance (Gs), and 198.50% in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). At the milk stage, the corresponding increases were 6.36%, 261.60%, 103.33%, 126.73%, and 185.09%. At harvest, YC3 increased the number of rows per ear, kernels per row, 100kernel weight, and grain yield by 4.81%, 4.10%, 5.21%, and 9.98%, respectively. Grain crude protein and crude fat contents increased by 6.54% and 14.71%, respectively. Therefore, foliar application of 20% CDs enhances leaf photosynthetic capacity and significantly improves maize yield and grain quality.
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