To quantitatively reveal the natural-social synergistic mechanism of landscape pattern evolution in composite ecosystems, this study focuses on the evolution of four main types of dominant land use patterns—grassland, forest land, arable land, and construction land-in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Ningxia from 1990 to 2020. Utilizing temporal land use data and landscape pattern index methods, the study characterizes the patterns and trends of landscape evolution. Furthermore, the geographic detector method is employed to analyze the impact of natural and social factors, as well as their interactions, on the spatial differentiation of landscape patterns. The results show that the main land use types in the study area are arable land, grassland, and forest land, which together account for over 99% of the total area. Land use has exhibited characteristics of arable land reduction, grassland and forest land increase, and construction land expansion. The landscape pattern has undergone three stages of evolution:fragmentation and reorganization,core integration,and edge disturbance. The maximum patch index of grassland significantly exceeds that of other land types, while the patch density of construction land has notably increased to 0.034 in the later period of the study. The driving mechanism of landscape patterns has shifted from being predominantly influenced by natural factors to a coupled natural-social driving mechanism. The synergy between terrain and vegetation has consistently dominated the evolution of landscape heterogeneity, with the spatial coupling effect of natural factors explaining the landscape pattern 1.8 to 4.5 times more effectively than socio-economic factors, and the interaction strength of dual factors generally surpassing that of single-factor effects.
自20世纪90年代以来,国内外学者围绕自然-社会耦合视角,在驱动力识别、作用机制解析及模拟预测方法上取得了显著进展。研究方向上,国外早期侧重于气候、地形等自然要素的静态影响,后逐步转向城市化、农业扩张等人类活动的动态主导作用[6-7];国内研究则呈现追赶-融合特征,早期聚焦土地利用变化的政策响应[8],近年结合生态文明建设需求,强化多尺度驱动力互馈研究[9]。研究内容上,国际学界注重全球变化背景下的景观韧性评估,而国内更关注快速城镇化与生态安全格局的协同机制。景观驱动力分析方法历经了3个阶段的革新:早期依赖于Logistic回归等统计模型解析线性关系[10];随后,CLUE-S(conversion of land use and its effects at small regional extent)、PLUS(patch-generating land use simulation)等空间显式模型因整合了邻域效应,模拟精度得以提升[11];近年来,随机森林、深度学习与多源数据融合技术突破了传统方法局限,显著增强了对驱动力非线性交互的解析能力[12]。然而,当前研究仍然存在对过渡带自然-社会双阈值驱动力及多因子非线性协同效应关注不足的问题,特别是在长时序动态监测及空间显式建模方面仍需深入探索。
NiuH P, ZhaoX M, XiaoD Y, et al. Evolution and influencing factors of landscape pattern in the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) due to land use changes[J]. Water,2022,14(23):3872.
[2]
AwotwiA, AnornuG K, Quaye-ballardJ A, et al. Water balance responses to land-use/land-cover changes in the Pra River Basin of Ghana,1986-2025[J]. Catena,2019,182:104129.
LambinE F, GeistH J, LepersE. Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in tropical regions[J]. Annual Review of Environment and Resources,2003,28:205-241.
TurnerM G. Landscape ecology: The effect of pattern on process[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1989,20:171-197.
[7]
LambinE F, MeyfroidtP. Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2011,108(9):3465-3472.
PontiusR G, CornellJ D, HallC A S. Modeling the spatial pattern of land-use change with GEOMOD2: Application and validation for Costa Rica[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2001,85(1/2/3):191-203.
[11]
LiangX, GuanQ F, ClarkeK C, et al. Understanding the drivers of sustainable land expansion using a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model: A case study in Wuhan, China[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,2021,85:101569.
[12]
SongY C, WangH J, PengX T, et al. Modeling land use change prediction using multi-model fusion techniques: A case study in the Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Ecological Modelling,2023,486:110545.
FormanR T. Foundations: Land mosaics: The ecology of landscapes and regions (1995) [M] // The Ecological Design and Planning Reader. Washington, DC: Island Press,2014:217-234.
ChenX, YuL, DuZ R, et al. Toward sustainable land use in China: A perspective on China’s national land surveys[J]. Land Use Policy,2022,123:106428.
[20]
CuiJ X, JinH, KongX S, et al. Territorial spatial resilience assessment and its optimisation path: A case study of the Yangtze River economic belt, China[J]. Land,2024,13(9):1395.
[21]
BAIY, WONGC P, JIANGB, et al. Developing China’s Ecological Redline Policy using ecosystem services assessments for land use planning[J]. Nature Communications,2018,9:3034.
[22]
QiuD X, XuR R, WuC X, et al. Vegetation restoration improves soil hydrological properties by regulating soil physicochemical properties in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2022,609:127730.
[23]
DengL, LiuG B, ShangguanZ P. Land-use conversion and changing soil carbon stocks in China’s “Grain-for-Green” Program: A synthesis[J]. Global Change Biology,2014,20(11):3544-3556.
[24]
AnW M, LiZ S, WangS, et al. Exploring the effects of the “Grain for Green” program on the differences in soil water in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China[J]. Ecological Engineering,2017,107:144-151.
[25]
YangY Y, BaoW K, LiY H, et al. Land use transition and its eco-environmental effects in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration: A production-living-ecological perspective[J]. Land,2020,9(9):285.
[26]
GongC F, YuS X, JoestingH, et al. Determining socioeconomic drivers of urban forest fragmentation with historical remote sensing images[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2013,117:57-65.
[27]
LanY P, ChenJ J, YangY P, et al. Landscape pattern and ecological risk assessment in Guilin based on land use change[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2023,20(3):2045.