This study aimed to investigate the optimal ratio of the fiber degrading compound microbial agent (FDM) for corn straw compost, the appropriate amount of biochar, and the impact of their combined application on the enzyme activity and physicochemical properties of compost, as well as the correlation between compost enzyme activity and physicochemical properties. Using the fiber degrading bacteria Bacillus proteolyticus X51 and Trichoderma longibrachiatum Z8-2, the study measured the activity of endo-β-glucanase, exo-β-glucanase, β-glucosidase, lignin peroxidase, laccase, and manganese peroxidase in media with varying biochar mass fractions (w) of 0 to 5.0% (in 0.5% increments) to determine that the optimal strain ratio was 2.5∶1 (X51 to Z8-2 based on viable cell count) and that the fermentation liquid with 3.0% biochar showed the highest fiber degrading enzyme activity, which was used for subsequent composting experiments. The aerobic fermentation composting of corn straw was set up with w (biochar) at 0, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, and inoculated with FDM (X51 viable cell count 1×109 CFU·kg-1, Z8-2 spore count 2×108 spores·kg-1) and non-inoculated groups, amounting to a total of 8 treatments, with the control being no additives. The results showed that the combined application of FDM and biochar could promote compost heating, extend the high-temperature phase by 2 to 5 days, and accelerate maturity by 10 days. During maturity, the organic carbon and total nitrogen content in various treatments increased by 36.2% to 65.6% and 37.8% to 91.0%, respectively, while CO2 and NH3 emissions decreased by 61.9% to 70.5% and 43.9% to 62.8%, respectively, with the activity of six fiber degrading enzymes increasing by 0.3% to 503.8%, and the largest increase was seen in β-glucosidase activity, with the optimal effect at 3.0% biochar addition. Structural equation analysis indicated that the combined application of biochar and FDM promotes the carbon-nitrogen transformation and maturity of compost by enhancing fiber degrading enzyme activity, reducing carbon and nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions. Among them, endo-β-glucanase and lignin peroxidase play a major direct role in carbon-nitrogen transformation, while laccase has a certain nitrogen retention effect. The effects of the two have a cumulative effect. In summary, the combined application of biochar and FDM is beneficial for the rapid maturity of compost and improves its physicochemical properties.
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