“双碳”目标下城市绿地增汇减排营建的理论、方法与路径

Theories, Methods, and Pathways for Carbon Sequestration Enhancement and Emission Reduction in Urban Green Space Construction Under the Dual Carbon Goals

摘要

在“双碳”目标与城市高质量发展背景下，城市绿地作为城市生态系统中最重要的自然碳汇载体之一，在缓解气候变化与降低城市碳排放压力中发挥着关键作用。当前，城市绿地碳汇研究正由单一静态碳储量评估，向涵盖碳收支、减排效应、空间服务流与治理体系的综合框架演进。围绕城市绿地碳汇的精准核算、全生命周期碳收支、间接减排效益、生态系统服务流及低碳绿地规划建设等多维视角，探讨“双碳”目标下城市绿地增汇减排营建的理论、方法与路径，以期为推动城市绿地增汇减排的规划建设提供理论基础与方法支撑。核心观点如下：1）精准核算是开展城市绿地碳汇研究的基础。面对城市绿地高度异质化特点，亟须通过多尺度协同监测、机理与数据驱动模型融合及标准化体系构建，实现由粗放估算向动态化、精细化核算转型。2）城市绿地是受强人为干预的复杂碳代谢系统，同时存在碳源与碳汇双重作用。传统核算仅关注生物量碳汇，易系统性高估城市绿地的净碳效应，应通过构建本土化参数与标准化方法体系，动态刻画绿地的全生命周期碳收支，以更好地支撑优化绿地最大化净碳汇。3）城市绿地通过调节热环境、净化污染与调控雨洪等多重生态系统服务，提供重要的间接减排效益。未来应从单一碳汇核算转向整合直接碳汇、生命周期减排与多元生态服务的综合协同评价，支撑城市绿地的高碳汇绩效优化转型。4）城市绿地碳汇及相关生态系统服务具有外溢性，能通过“服务流”影响更大尺度城市区域的碳平衡与空间公平。因此，空间规划尺度需关注其流向、流量及跨区域补偿机制。5）城市绿地正由传统景观空间转型为低碳基础设施，应在规划、设计、建设与运维全过程嵌入碳管理理念，构建覆盖多尺度、多过程与多主体协同的低碳绿地规划建设与管理体系。

Abstract

Under the context of the dual carbon goals and high-quality urban development, urban green spaces (UGS), as one of the most important natural carbon sinks in urban ecosystems, play a critical role in mitigating climate change and reducing urban carbon emissions. In recent years, research on UGS carbon sequestration has been evolving from single, static carbon stock assessments toward a comprehensive framework that integrates carbon budget, emission reduction effects, ecosystem service flows, and governance systems. This commentary discusses the theory, methods, and pathways of carbon sequestration enhancement and emission reduction in UGS development from multiple perspectives, including precise carbon accounting, life-cycle carbon budget, indirect emission reduction benefits, ecosystem service flows, and low-carbon planning and construction. The core viewpoints are summarized as follows: 1) Accurate carbon accounting is the foundation of UGS carbon sequestration research. Given the high heterogeneity of UGS, it is urgent to achieve a transformation from coarse estimation to dynamic and high-resolution accounting through multi-scale coordinated monitoring, integration of process-based and data-driven models, and the establishment of standardized methodological systems. 2) UGS are complex carbon metabolic systems under strong anthropogenic influence, simultaneously functioning as both carbon sources and sinks. Traditional accounting approaches focusing solely on biomass carbon sequestration tend to systematically overestimate their net carbon benefits. Therefore, localized parameter systems and standardized methodologies are necessary to dynamically characterize life-cycle carbon budget and better support the optimization of net carbon sequestration. 3) UGS provide significant indirect emission reduction benefits through multiple ecosystem services, such as mitigating urban heat island effects, improving air quality, and regulating urban stormwater processes. Future assessments should shift from single carbon sequestration evaluation to an integrated framework that combines direct carbon sequestration, life-cycle emissions, and multiple ecosystem services, thereby supporting high carbon-performance optimization of UGS. 4) Carbon sequestration and related ecosystem services of UGS exhibit strong spatial spillover effects, influencing urban carbon balance and spatial equity through ecosystem service flows. Planning at spatial scales should therefore focus on flow direction, flow magnitude, and transboundary ecological compensation mechanisms. 5) UGS are transitioning from traditional landscape spaces to low-carbon infrastructure systems. Carbon management should be integrated throughout the entire lifecycle of planning, design, construction, and maintenance, and a multi-scale, multi-process, and multi-stakeholder coordinated low-carbon green space planning and governance framework should be established.

关键词

城市绿地碳汇 / 全生命周期碳收支 / 间接减排效益 / 生态系统服务流 / 低碳绿地规划建设

Key words

urban green space carbon sequestration / life-cycle carbon budget / indirect emission reduction benefits / ecosystem service flow / low-carbon green space planning and construction

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