深层致密页岩复合冲击钻井提速研究

Study on ROP Enhancement of Composite Percussive Drilling in Deep Tight Shale

摘要

针对玛北风城组深层致密页岩抗压强度高、可钻性差、钻井周期长的难题, 开展了轴扭耦合冲击钻井参数优化实验研究, 旨在明确影响破岩效率的主控因素, 形成适用于该地层的冲击钻井参数匹配方法。采用复合冲击破岩效率测试装置, 对目标地层岩心在定钻压、转速条件下, 开展了不同轴扭冲击频率组合下的钻进实验, 评估冲击频率对机械钻速、扭矩和机械比能的影响规律。结果表明, 轴扭耦合冲击可显著提升钻速、降低扭矩和机械比能, 其中高频扭向冲击在降扭和节能中起主导作用, 轴冲与扭冲存在“轴冲促裂、扭冲解黏”的协同破岩机制。证实了轴扭耦合冲击技术在该页岩地层中具有显著的提速、降扭、节能效果, 所得参数优化方法可为现场钻井设计提供理论依据, 对深层硬地层钻井提速具有重要工程指导价值。

Abstract

To address the challenges of high compressive strength, low drillability, and extended drilling time in the deep tight shale of the Mabei Fengcheng Formation, an experimental study on drilling parameter optimization for axial-torsional coupled percussive drilling was conducted. This study intended to identify the dominant factors affecting rock-breaking efficiency and to establish a parameter matching method suitable for this layer. Using a composite percussive rock-breaking efficiency testing device, drilling experiments were performed on core samples from the target layer under fixed conditions of weight-on-bit and rotational speeds with different combinations of axial and torsional impact frequencies. The effects of impact frequency on rate of penetration (ROP), torque, and mechanical specific energy (MSE) were evaluated. The results show that axial-torsional coupled impact can significantly increase the ROP while reducing torque and MSE. High-frequency torsional impact plays a dominant role in torque reduction and energy saving, and a synergistic rock-breaking mechanism was identified in which axial impact promotes crack propagation, whereas torsional impact alleviates bit sticking. This study confirms that axial-torsional coupled impact technology provides significant benefits in improving drilling efficiency, reducing torque, and lowering energy consumption in this shale formation. The obtained parameter optimization method provides a theoretical basis for field drilling design and offers important engineering guidance for accelerating drilling in deep hard strata.

关键词

深层致密页岩 / 轴扭耦合冲击 / 参数优化 / 风城组 / 破岩效率

Key words

deep tight shale / axial-torsional coupled impact / parameter optimization / Fengcheng Formation / rock-breaking efficiency

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目“流量-转速耦合作用下液力离合导向钻井控制机理研究”(52274017)

新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项“混积型页岩油优快钻完井与差异化压裂技术集成示范”(2025ZD1405002)

新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才培养计划“准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷北斜坡二叠系风城组页岩油钻井提速技术研究”(2022TSYC-CX0055)

新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划“超深层岩体物理力学特性表征与原位测量方法”(2025B01014-1)