国内外页岩油气钻完井技术进展及攻关方向

Progress and Research Directions of Shale Oil and Gas Drilling and Completion Technology in China and Abroad

摘要

水平井和体积压裂技术的关键突破推动页岩油气产业实现了跨越式发展, 显著重构了全球能源格局。调研国内外页岩油气水平井钻完井技术的最新进展, 从井身结构、旋转导向、自动化钻机、智能化钻井、高性能钻井液与防漏堵漏、压裂装备及监测技术等方面进行了全面对比分析, 国内在钻井周期、水平段长度、“一趟钻”比例等方面与国外差距明显, 亟需在自动化钻机、新一代导向工具、高效聚晶金刚石复合片（PDC）钻头、大扭矩螺杆钻具、体积压裂和监测等方面进行攻关, 提高长水平段“一趟钻”比例和单井产量, 推进我国页岩油气钻完井技术向数字化和智能化转型, 为我国页岩油气革命提供技术支撑。

Abstract

The vital technological breakthroughs in horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing have promoted a great leap in the development of the shale oil and gas industry and profoundly reshaped the global energy landscape. This study reviewed the latest technological advances in horizontal drilling and well completion for shale oil and gas both in China and internationally. A comprehensive comparative analysis was conducted across the casing program, rotary steering, automated drilling rigs, intelligent drilling, high-performance drilling fluids and lost circulation prevention and control, as well as fracturing equipment and monitoring technologies. The drilling time, horizontal wellbore length, and "one-trip" ratio in China showed considerable room for improvement, compared to those abroad. Therefore, efforts of research and development shall be strengthened for automated drilling rigs, next-generation rotary steering tools, high-efficiency polycrystalline diamond compact（PDC） bits, high-torque screws, and multi-stage fracturing and monitoring technologies, to enhance the "one-trip" ratio of long horizontal wellbores and boost production per well, promote the digital and intelligent transformation of drilling and completion technologies in China, and provide strong technical support for China's shale oil and gas revolution.

关键词

页岩油气 / 水平井 / 钻完井 / 压裂

Key words

shale oil and gas / horizontal well / well drilling and completion / fracturing

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基金资助

新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项“高效能井筒工作液”(2025ZD1401300)

中国石油青年科技专项“超支化聚合物调控油基钻井液流变特性及作用机理研究”(2024DQ03107)