玛湖风城组页岩油水平井钻井提速关键技术

Key Technologies for ROP Enhancement in Horizontal Wells of Mahu Fengcheng Formation Shale Oil

摘要

玛湖风城组页岩油储层埋深大、压力系统复杂、地层非均质性强, 复杂的地质条件严重制约了水平井钻井的钻进效率, 亟需开展钻井提速技术研究。通过岩石力学测试和全岩矿物分析, 结合玛湖风城组的地质特征, 系统分析钻井技术难点, 在此基础上, 提出井身结构优化和大钻压高效破岩两大提速技术路径, 并于2025年现场完钻6口水平井, 钻井提速效果显著。基于“四压力”剖面刻画, 优化表层套管下深以精准封隔低压易漏层；采用复合井眼与钾钙基聚胺有机盐钻井液, 将井径扩大率控制在5%以内；通过岩石力学测试明确了风城组门限钻压最大值为111.1 kN, 建立基于大钻压的差异化聚晶金刚石复合片（PDC）钻头适配技术与Ф139.7 mm强刚性钻具组合优选技术, 分层优化钻头参数与施工参数。研究与应用表明, 该技术可有效解决玛湖风城组页岩油钻井提速难题, 为深层、超深层油气资源高效开发提供技术支撑与参考。

Abstract

The Mahu Fengcheng Formation shale oil reservoir features deep burial depths, complex pressure systems and strong formation heterogeneity, and such complex geological conditions severely restrain the drilling efficiency of horizontal wells, highlighting the urgency of research on technologies enhancing rate of penetration（ROP）. Based on rock mechanical tests, whole-rock mineral composition analyses and geological characteristics of the Mahu Fengcheng Formation, the technical challenges of drilling were systematically investigated, and two technical routes for ROP enhancement were proposed, namely the optimized casing program and high-efficiency rock breaking with high weight on bit （WOB）. The proposed technologies were applied to six horizontal wells drilled in 2025 and delivered remarkable ROP enhancement performance. Specifically, based on characterization of the four pressure profiles （pore pressure, breakdown pressure, collapse pressure, and leak-off pressure）, the surface casing set depth was optimized to precisely isolate low-pressure and fluid-loss-prone zones. A combined borehole profile and a potassium-calcium-based polyamine organic salt drilling fluid system were adopted to maintain a borehole enlargement ratio within 5%. Rock mechanics tests determined that efficient rock breaking in the Fengcheng Formation requires a WOB greater than 111.1 kN. A differentiated polycrystalline diamond compact （PDC） bit matching technology based on high WOB and an optimization technology for Ф139.7 mm high-stiffness bottom hole assembly （BHA） were developed to perform layer-specific optimization of drill bit parameters and operational parameters. Laboratory analyses and field applications demonstrated that this technology package can effectively resolve the ROP improvement challenges of the Mahu Fengcheng Formation shale oil and provide technical support and references for the efficient development of deep and ultra-deep hydrocarbon resources.

关键词

玛湖风城组 / 页岩油 / 井身结构 / 大钻压破岩 / 钻井提速

Key words

Mahu Sag Fengcheng Formation / shale oil / casing program / high WOB rock breaking / ROP enhancement

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基金资助

新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项“准噶尔盆地二叠系陆相页岩油勘探开发技术与集成示范”课题“混积型页岩油优快钻完井与差异化压裂技术集成示范”(2025ZD1405002)

中国石油天然气集团有限公司重大现场试验项目“超长水平井钻完井技术升级与现场试验”(2026ZS008)

新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划项目“准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷北斜坡二叠系风城组页岩油钻井提速技术研究”(2022TSYCCX0055)