低摩阻高携砂超分子压裂液性能评价及应用

Performance Evaluation and Application of a Low Friction, High Proppant Carrying Supramolecular Fracturing Fluid

摘要

针对深层致密/页岩油藏中常规聚丙烯酰胺压裂液减阻与携砂性能难以兼顾的技术难题, 制备了一种缔合减阻剂SMAP-2000, 并与常规超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺减阻剂HPAM-3000进行对比, 系统评价了两种减阻剂的增黏、减阻、动态携砂及流变性能, 进而构建了一套低摩阻高携砂超分子压裂液体系。实验结果表明, SMAP-2000在自来水和模拟盐水中增黏效率优于HPAM-3000, 达相同表观黏度时用量显著降低；在测试黏度范围内, SMAP-2000低黏滑溜水与HPAM-3000的减阻率相近, 但中、高黏滑溜水及线性胶减阻率显著高于HPAM-3000；相同表观黏度下, SMAP-2000的低、中、高黏滑溜水的动态携砂能力较HPAM-3000提高10%~16%；SMAP-2000在低剪切区出现剪切增稠现象, 呈现“剪切增稠-剪切稀化-第二平台”的多级结构；30 mPa·s线性胶弹性模量较HPAM-3000提高60%~80%, 具有超分子溶液特征。现场试验表明, 采用SMAP-2000的试验井井筒摩阻降至1.8 MPa/1 000 m, 减阻率达85%, 最高砂浓度提升至400 kg/m³, 单井日产油提升40%。构建的压裂液体系兼顾了减阻与携砂性能, 为深层致密/页岩油藏效益开发提供了技术支撑。

Abstract

To address the technical challenge that conventional polyacrylamide fracturing fluids cannot simultaneously deliver desired performance of friction reduction and proppant carrying in deep tight/shale oil reservoir, an associative friction reducer SMAP-2000 was prepared and compared with conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyacrylamide friction reducer HPAM-3000. The thickening, friction reduction, dynamic proppant carrying and rheological properties of the two friction reducers were systematically evaluated, and a low friction high proppant carrying supramolecular fracturing fluid was developed. Results show that SMAP-2000 exhibits better thickening efficiency than HPAM-3000 in both fresh water and simulated brine, with significantly lower dosage required to achieve the same apparent viscosity. Within the tested viscosity range, the friction reduction rate of the low viscosity slickwater of SMAP-2000 is similar to that of HPAM-3000, but the friction reduction rates of SMAP-2000 are significantly higher for medium and high viscosity slickwater and linear gel. With the same apparent viscosity, the dynamic proppant carrying capacities of low, medium and high viscosity slickwater of SMAP-2000 is 10%-16% higher than those of HPAM-3000. SMAP-2000 exhibits shear thickening at low shear rates, with a multi-stage rheological structure of “shear thickening-shear thinning-second plateau”. The elastic modulus of 30 mPa·s linear gel of SMAP-2000 is 60%-80% higher than that of HPAM-3000, indicating the characteristics of supramolecular solutions. Field test shows that the wellbore friction of the test well using SMAP-2000 fracturing fluid is reduced to 1.8 MPa/1 000 m, with a friction reduction rate of 85%, the maximum proppant concentration increased to 400 kg/m³, and the daily oil production per well increased by 40%. The developed fracturing fluid system balances friction reduction and proppant carrying to provide technical support for cost effective development of deep tight/shale oil reservoirs.

关键词

深层页岩油气 / 缔合减阻剂 / 低摩阻高携砂 / 超分子压裂液 / 黏弹性

Key words

deep shale oil and gas / associative friction reducer / low friction and high proppant carrying / supramolecular fracturing fluid / viscoelasticity

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基金资助

中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技专项“砾岩油藏规模增储上产与提高采收率关键技术研究”(2023ZZ24)

中国石油新疆油田分公司与西南石油大学合作项目“可逆超分子结构缔合聚合物压裂液体系评价技术”(XJYT-2023-JS-6755)

克拉玛依市重点研发项目“新疆油田玛北深层页岩油及八区低渗透油藏多功能集成化压裂液体系研发”(2025BA0036N)