In order to address the limitations of the current state-of-the-art clinical named entity recognition(CNER) models, which fail to fully exploit the global information and semantic features in text and address issues like character substitutions, we had improved the traditional word embedding model and proposed a novel approach that combines deep convolutional neural networks with bidirectional short-term memory conditional random field (DCNN-BiLSTM-CRF) for clinical text named entity recognition. The enhanced word embedding model integrated the meanings of word roots, phonetics, and characters themselves. It utilized bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers, enabling the word embedding vectors to capture the characteristics of both Chinese characters and clinical text. By introducing DCNN in the task of clinical named entity recognition, we addressed the issue of losing information that cannot be retrieved during CNN prediction. Through the utilization of DCNN, our approach was capable of capturing global information more effectively, capturing weight relationships between characters, and extracting multi-level semantic feature information, thereby improving the accuracy of clinical named entity recognition. We conducted experiments on the CCKS2017 and CCKS2018 datasets. The experimental results show that F1 score of our model improves 0.48%, 0.68%, 0.6%, 0.58%, 0.04% and 1.43%, 2.36%, 3.31%, 1.11%, 0.17% respectively when compared to the baseline model. Furthermore, to further validate our model, we performed two ablation experiments. Compared to variant model M1, our model achieved F1 score improvements of 0.79% and 0.84% on the CCKS2017 and CCKS2018 datasets respectively. Compared to variant model M2, our model achieved F1 score improvements of 0.53% and 0.64% on the same datasets. These experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed algorithm in this study.
AL-NABKIM W, FIDALGOE, ALEGREE, et al.Improving named entity recognition in noisy user-generated text with local distance neighbor feature[J].Neurocomputing, 2020, 382: 1-11.
YANGFeihong, ZHANGYu, TANLu, et al.A research progress of clinical named entity recognition from Chinese electronic medical records[J].China Digital Medicine, 2020, 15(2): 9-12.(in Chinese)
[4]
GAJENDRANS, MANJULAD, SUGUMARANV.Character level and word level embedding with bidirectional LSTM-dynamic recurrent neural network for biomedical named entity recognition from literature[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2020, 112(445): 103609.
[5]
GAIZAUSKASR, DEMETRIOUG, HUMPHREYSK.Term recognition and classification in biological science journal articles[C]//Proceddings of the Computional Terminology for Medical and Biological Applications Workshop of the 2nd International Conference on NLP, 2000: 37-44.
[6]
KRISHNAA, AKHILESHV, AICHA, et al.Sentiment analysis of restaurant reviews using machine learning techniques[C]//Emerging Research in Electronics, Computer Science and Technology.Singapore: Springer, 2019: 687-696.
[7]
AWWALUJ, BAKARA, YAAKUBM R.Hybrid n-gram model using naive bayes for classification of political sentiments on Twitter[J].Neural Computing and Applications, 2019, 31(12): 9207-9220.
[8]
TANGB, CAOH, WUY, et al.Recognizing clinical entities in hospital discharge summaries using structural support vector machines with word representation features[J].BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making, 2013, 13(S1): 1-10.
[9]
HOUL L, ZHANGJ, WUO, et al.Method and dataset entity mining in scientific literature: a CNN+BiLSTM model with self-attention[J].Knowledge-Based Systems, 2022, 235: 107621.
[10]
YINM, MOUCH, XIONGK, et al.Chinese clinical named entity recognition with radical-level feature and self-attention mechanism[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2019, 98: 103289.
CHENJian, HETao, WENYingyou, et al.Entity recognition method for judicial documents based on BERT model[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2020, 41(10): 1382-1387.(in Chinese)
[13]
MENGY, WUW, WANGF, et al.Glyce: glyph-vectors for chinese character representations[DB/OL].(2019-01-29)[2023-04-24].
[14]
SONGC H, SEHANOBISHA.Using chinese glyphs for named entity recognition (student abstract)[C]//The 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020: 13921-13922.
[15]
XUANZ, BAOR, JIANGS.FGN: Fusion glyph network for Chinese named entity recognition[M]. Springer: Singapore, 2021.
[16]
CHENY.Convolutional neural network for sentence classification[D].Waterloo: University of Waterloo, 2015.
[17]
MAX Z, HOVYE.End-to-end sequence labeling via bi-directional LSTM-CNNs-CRF[DB/OL].(2016-03-04)[2023-04-24].
[18]
AGUILARG, MAHARJANS, LÓPEZ-MONROYP, et al.A multi-task approach for named entity recognition in social media data[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text, 2017:148-153.
QingCAl.Chinese named entity recognition based on multicriteria fusion[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 50(5): 929-934.(in Chinese)
ZHANGFangcong, QINQiuli, JIANGYong, et al.Named entity recognition for Chinese EMR with RoBERTa-WWM-BiLSTM-CRF[J].Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2022, 6(2/3): 251-262.(in Chinese)
LUOLing, YANGZhihao, SONGYawen, et al.Chinese clinical named entity recognition based on stroke ELMo and multi-task learning[J].Chinese Journal of Computers, 2020, 43(10): 1943-1957.(in Chinese)
[25]
HUJ L, SHIX, LIUZ J, et al.HITSZ_CNER: a hybrid system for entity recognition from Chinese clinical text[C]//CEUR Workshop Proceedings. Chengdu:The Technical Committee on Language and Knowledge Computing of the Chinese Information Processing Society of China,2017:25-30.
[26]
WANGQ, ZHOUY, RUANT, et al.Incorporating dictionaries into deep neural networks for the Chinese clinical named entity recognition[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2019, 92: 103133.
[27]
QIUJ, ZHOUY, WANGQ, et al.Chinese clinical named entity recognition using residual dilated convolutional neural network with conditional random field[J].IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience, 2019, 18(3): 306-315.
TANGGuoqiang, GAODaqi, RUANTong, et al.Clinical electronic medical record named entity recognition incorporating language model and attention mechanism[J].Computer Science, 2020, 47(3): 211-216.(in Chinese)
[30]
XIONGY, PENGH, XIANGY, et al.Leveraging multi-source knowledge for Chinese clinical named entity recognition via relational graph convolutional network[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2022, 128: 104035.
[31]
LIX, ZHANGH, ZHOUX H.Chinese clinical named entity recognition with variant neural structures based on bert methods[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2020, 107(5): 103422.
[32]
LUOL, LIN, LIS C.DUTIR at the CCKS-2018 Task1: A neural network ensemble approach for chinese clinical named entity recognition[C]//Proceedings of the Evaluation Tasks at the China Conference on Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing, 2018.
[33]
JIB, LIUR, LIS, et al.A BILSTM-CRF method to Chinese electronic medical record named entity recognition[C]//International Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Artificial Intelligence, 2018: 1-6.
[34]
WANGC, WANGH, ZHUANGH, et al.Chinese medical named entity recognition based on multi-granularity semantic dictionary and multimodal tree[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2020, 111(1): 103583.
[35]
JIB, LIUR, LIS, et al.A hybrid approach for named entity recognition in Chinese electronic medical record[J].BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 2019, 19(S2): 64.