In order to investigate the mechanical response and damage failure mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) under high-speed impact loading, the penetration resistance characteristics and response mechanism of carbon fiber composite laminates was studied. Based on the Hashin damage criterion, and using Cohesive interface elements, a numerical simulation model of carbon fiber composite laminates considering delamination damage under flat-nosed projectile penetration was established. The numerical simulation was used to study the energy absorption characteristics and damage failure modes of composite laminates under high-speed impact penetration. According to the classical ballistic limit theory, the ballistic limit of the CFRP laminates was determined, and the damage evolution process of the CFRP laminates under high-speed impact loading was studied, meanwhile the damage mechanism of the laminate was analyzed. The results show that the energy absorption characteristics of the CFRP laminate exhibit a bilinear relationship. With the increase of impact energy, the energy absorption of the laminate first rapidly increases and then gradually leveles off. Under the impact of high-speed penetration, the CFRP laminates first experiences fiber tension fracture at the impact point, followed by the spreading of damage rupture areas along stress weak paths, leading to matrix compression and the formation of bulges on the back of the laminate, subsequently evolving into delamination damage, and finally resulting in fracture modes such as fiber bundle splitting. The degree of damage in the lower layer region of the laminate gradually increases under high-speed impact loading. The differential laying angles of the fiber layers causes the change in the interlayer stress conditions of the laminate, and leades to various damage areas among the layers.
图 10 为平头子弹侵彻1 mm CFRP层合板后各层之间的分层状况。侵彻过程中, 层合板下方的铺层区域破坏程度逐渐增大; 层合板各层的受力状态与层合板各纤维层的铺设角度有关, 相邻不同铺层角度的纤维受轴向力和剪切力耦合作用, 由云图中的损伤破坏区域可以明显观察到应力变化的情况。
图 11 为平头子弹侵彻2 mm CFRP层合板后各层之间的分层状况。高速侵彻冲击作用下, 层合板处于下方铺层区域的损伤破坏面积逐渐扩大, 相比1 mm CFRP层合板, 2 mm CFRP层合板沿纤维方向向周边扩展的程度更大。受纤维铺层角度的影响, 碳纤维复合材料表现出明显的各向异性, 上下纤维层间的受力状态因铺层差异性而有所不同。
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