In the long-term use of lithium-ion batteries, the formation and thickening of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film are key factors that lead to performance degradation and shortened lifespan. To accurately assess the health state and thermal behavior of lithium batteries, this paper proposed an aging-electrochemical-thermal coupling model based on the impact of SEI thickening. Firstly, the model, based on classical electrochemical equations, battery heat generation theory, and energy conservation equations, considered the internal resistance increase and capacity decay caused by SEI thickening to establish an electrochemical-thermal coupling model for lithium-ion batteries. Secondly, we modified the model parameters using the Arrhenius equation and conduct joint simulations using genetic algorithms combined with COMSOL and MATLAB to constructed a double-layer radial model for precise identification of the thermal physical parameters of the battery. Finally, different rate charge-discharge experiments were conducted at 25°C to obtain voltage-capacity characteristic curves and temperature rise curves, which were compared with the model simulation results. The experimental results show that the aging-electrochemical-thermal coupling model can effectively predict the battery’s health state and thermal characteristics at various discharge rates. It can accurately assess the capacity degradation and health status, as well as predict the capacity degradation trajectory with a maximum absolute error of only 2.616% of capacity retention rate, validating the model’s accuracy and reliability. This provides a solid theoretical foundation for the development of battery management systems for electric vehicles.
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