Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation for lithium-ion batteries is a core requirement for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of electric vehicles. However, battery management system (BMS) is susceptible to interference from variable operating conditions, leading to significant deviations in SOC estimates, which constitutes a major current challenge. To address the issue where traditional forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS) suffered from reduced model parameter identification accuracy due to delayed dynamic response during abrupt changes in battery system operating conditions, thereby affecting SOC estimation accuracy, this paper proposed a joint estimation method that combined weighted forgetting factor recursive least squares (WFRLS) and strong tracking cubature kalman filter (STCKF). Based on a second-order RC equivalent circuit model, the WFRLS algorithm was used for online identification of model parameters. The results show that during abrupt changes in system operating conditions, the voltage identification accuracy of WFRLS improves by approximately 0.01V compared to the traditional FFRLS method. On this basis, the STCKF algorithm is utilized to achieve online SOC estimation. Experimental validation under two typical conditions, namely dynamic stress test (DST) and urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS), demonstrates that the proposed joint method achieves high estimation accuracy, with a mean absolute error below 2% and a root mean square error below 3%, exhibiting good adaptability and robustness.
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