To investigate the dispersion process and flow field characteristics of energetic metal powder driven by explosive detonation, a charge structure for driving the dispersion of the energetic metal powder was designed, and the explosive-driven dispersion process was captured using a high-speed camera. The particle cloud velocity was calculated, and its combustion effect upon impact with the steel target was studied. Based on the FLUENT-EDEM fluid-structure interaction method, a physical model for the explosive dispersion of energetic metal powder particles was established, and a simulation study on the flow field characteristics of the particle cloud under shock wave action was conducted. The results indicate that during the initial stage of the explosive dispersion test, the particle cloud diffuses conically at a speed of approximately 400 m/s, and upon high-velocity impact with the steel target, a secondary explosion occurs, producing intense flames which demonstrate a significant afterburning effect of the energetic particles. The dispersion morphology and velocity of the particle cloud in the initial stage, as calculated by the simulation model, are in good agreement with the high-speed photographic observations. The particle clouds “agglomeration-disaggregation” evolution mechanism under the effect of shock wave overpressure was revealed. Based on measurement point data fitting, prediction formulas for the flow field temperature and pressure distribution were established, and the distribution characteristics of temperature and pressure in the explosion field (ranging from 0.4 m to 1.5 m) were obtained. Under a fixed velocity inlet of 2 000 m/s, the temperature field of the particle cloud exhibits an exponential decay characteristic of rapid attenuation followed by stabilization, while the pressure field shows a continuous decaying trend with increasing distance. Moreover, the variation in the initial simulation temperature has no significant effect on the pressure distribution of the flow field.
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