纳米药物输送系统在变应性鼻炎过敏原免疫治疗中的应用进展

Advances in the application of nanomedicine delivery systems in allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis

摘要

变应性鼻炎 (allergic rhinitis，AR) 是由特应性个体吸入过敏原 (如花粉、尘螨、宠物皮屑、霉菌等) 后在鼻腔发生的慢性炎症性疾病，在全球范围内的发病率日益增高。过敏原免疫治疗 (allergen immunotherapy，AIT) 是一种通过调节患者自身免疫功能改变 AR 自然进程的治疗方法，但其疗效因个体过敏原差异以及免疫作用靶标的不同而存在较大的异质性。纳米材料所具备的特殊理化性质能够更加精确地控制药物释放，保持药物稳定性，减少副作用，并增强免疫调节效果。基于纳米药物输送系统的 AIT 旨在利用纳米尺度的载体来提高其有效性和安全性，这种新兴技术具有广泛的研究前景，并为 AR 的治疗提供了新的策略。本文就纳米药物输送系统在 AR 的过敏原免疫治疗中的应用策略及研究进展作一综述。

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease occurring in the nasal cavity of atopic individuals following inhalation of allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and molds, and is increasing in incidence worldwide. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a treatment that aims to alter the natural course of AR by modulating the patient’s own immune function. However, its efficacy varies greatly due to individual allergen differences and the diversity of immune targets. The unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials allow for more precise control of drug release, maintaining drug stability, reducing side effects, and enhancing immunomodulatory effects. AIT based on nanomedicine delivery systems aims to improve their efficacy and safety using nanoscale carriers. This emerging technology has broad research prospects and offers new strategies for the treatment of AR. This article reviews the application strategies and research progress of nanomedicine delivery systems in allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.

关键词

变应性鼻炎 / 过敏原免疫治疗 / 纳米技术 / 纳米材料 / 药物输送系统

Key words

Allergic rhinitis / Allergen immunotherapy / Nanotechnology / Nanomaterials / Drug delivery system

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基金资助

江苏省科教能力提升工程(JSDW202203)