不同类型良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者焦虑、抑郁状态及睡眠障碍的发生率与相关性

Incidence and correlation of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders in patients with different types of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

摘要

目的 分析比较不同类型良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, BPPV)患者焦虑、抑郁状态及睡眠障碍的发生率与严重程度，并探讨三者之间的相关性。方法 选取确诊为BPPV的患者230例，其中前半规管型BPPV(anterior semicircular canal BPPV, AC-BPPV)45例，外半规管型BPPV(horizontal semicircular canal BPPV, HC-BPPV)55例，后半规管型BPPV(posterior semicircular canal BPPV, PC-BPPV)80例，混合型BPPV(multiple semicircular canal BPPV, MC-BPPV)50例。采用焦虑自评量表(Self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale, SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)进行评估，比较四组患者的评分及阳性率，并进行相关性分析。结果 四组患者焦虑、抑郁状态及睡眠障碍发生率比较，差异均有统计学意义(χ²=12.899、11.464、28.487，P<0.05)。MC-BPPV组焦虑发生率高于AC-BPPV组和HC-BPPV组，抑郁发生率高于HC-BPPV组(P<0.05)。MC-BPPV组与PC-BPPV组睡眠障碍发生率高于AC-BPPV组和HC-BPPV组(P<0.05)。四组患者SAS、SDS、PSQI评分比较，差异均有统计学意义(F=7.081、11.924、12.309，均P<0.05)。MC-BPPV组与PC-BPPV组的SAS、SDS、PSQI评分均高于AC-BPPV组和HC-BPPV组(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示，SAS评分与SDS评分(r=0.548)、SAS评分与PSQI评分(r=0.509)、SDS评分与PSQI评分(r=0.550)均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 MC-BPPV患者更易出现焦虑、抑郁状态；MC-BPPV与PC-BPPV患者更易出现睡眠障碍，且焦虑、抑郁及睡眠障碍的程度更重。焦虑、抑郁状态与睡眠障碍之间存在显著正相关。

Abstract

Objective To analyze and compare the incidence and severity of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among patients with different types of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and to explore the correlations among these conditions. Methods A total of 230 patients diagnosed with BPPV were enrolled, including 45 with anterior semicircular canal BPPV (AC-BPPV), 55 with horizontal semicircular canal BPPV (HC-BPPV), 80 with posterior semicircular canal BPPV (PC-BPPV), and 50 with multiple semicircular canal BPPV (MC-BPPV). All participants completed the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. The scores and positive rates of these scales were compared among the four groups, and correlation analyses were performed. Results The comparison of the incidence rates of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among the four groups yielded statistically significant differences (χ ²=12.899, 11.464, 28.487, P<0.05). The MC-BPPV group exhibited a higher incidence rate of anxiety than both the AC-BPPV and HC-BPPV groups and a higher incidence rate of depression than the HC-BPPV group (P<0.05). Both the MC-BPPV and PC-BPPV groups had a significantly higher incidence rate of sleep disorders compared to the AC-BPPV and HC-BPPV groups (P<0.05). A comparison of SAS, SDS, and PSQI scores among the four groups also revealed statistically significant differences (F=7.081, 11.924, 12.309, P<0.05). The MC-BPPV and PC-BPPV groups had higher SAS, SDS, and PSQI scores than the AC-BPPV and HC-BPPV groups (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated a positive association between SAS scores and SDS scores (r=0.548), SAS scores and PSQI scores (r=0.509), and SDS scores and PSQI scores (r=0.550, P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with MC-BPPV are more susceptible to anxiety and depression, while those with MC-BPPV and PC-BPPV are more prone to sleep disorders, and experience more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. There is a significant positive correlation among anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.

关键词

良性阵发性位置性眩晕 / 焦虑状态 / 抑郁状态 / 睡眠障碍 / 相关性

Key words

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / Anxiety / Depression / Sleep disorders / Incidence / Correlation

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