角膜塑形镜配戴患儿知信行潜在剖面特征及影响因素

Knowledge, attitude, and practice latent profile characteristics among children wearing orthokeratology lenses and influencing factors

摘要

目的 探讨角膜塑形镜配戴患儿知信行特征的潜在类别及其影响因素,为制定精细化健康教育方案提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2024年1月至6月于北京大学第三医院眼科就诊并配戴角膜塑形镜的患儿为研究对象。使用一般资料调查表及«近视儿童角膜塑形镜配戴知信行问卷»进行调查,采用潜在剖面分析对患儿知信行特征进行分类,采用二元logistic回归分析探讨不同类别的影响因素。结果 共纳入165例患儿。知信行问卷总分为155(148,161)分,知识、行为意愿、行为感受维度得分分别为89(82,90)分、55(51,55)分、16(12,20)分。患儿知信行特征分为2个潜在类别:低知识-行为意愿型24例(14.5%)、高知识-行为意愿型141例(85.5%)。二元logistic回归分析显示,配戴年限是类别归属的独立影响因素(OR=0.751, 95%CI: 0.573~0.983, P=0.037),配戴年限每增加1年,归属于高知识-行为意愿型的概率下降24.9%。结论 角膜塑形镜配戴患儿的知信行特征存在群体异质性,可划分为低知识-行为意愿型和高知识-行为意愿型两个潜在类别;配戴年限是影响类别归属的重要因素。医护人员应结合患儿的知信行特征实施针对性教育指导,尤其需关注配戴年限较长的患儿,强化其知识更新与行为维持的支持。

Abstract

Objective To explore the latent classes of knowledge, attitude, and practice characteristics among children wearing orthokeratology lenses and analyze the influencing factors, so as to inform the development of refined health education programs. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select children who wore orthokeratology lenses and visited the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital from January to June 2024. A general information questionnaire and the Questionnaire for the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Orthokeratology Lens Wearing in Children with Myopia were used for data collection. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to classify the knowledge, attitude, and practice characteristics of the children, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different latent classes. Results A total of 165 children were included. The total score of the knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire was 155(148,161), with sub-scores of 89(82,90) for knowledge, 55(51,55) for behavioral intention, and 16(12,20) for behavioral perception. Two latent classes were identified: low knowledge-behavioral intention type (24 cases, 14.5%) and high knowledge-behavioral intention type (141 cases, 85.5%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that wearing duration was an independent influencing factor for class membership (OR=0.751, 95%CI: 0.573-0.983, P=0.037). For each additional year of wearing, the probability of belonging to the high knowledge-behavioral intention type decreased by 24.9%. Conclusion The knowledge, attitude, and practice characteristics of children wearing orthokeratology lenses show population heterogeneity and can be categorized into two latent classes: low knowledge-behavioral intention type and high knowledge-behavioral intention type. Wearing duration is a significant factor affecting class membership. Healthcare professionals should implement targeted education based on these characteristics, with particular attention to children with longer wearing durations to support knowledge updating and behavior maintenance.

关键词

近视 / 儿童 / 角膜塑形镜 / 知信行 / 潜在剖面分析 / 影响因素

Key words

Myopia / Children / Orthokeratology / Knowledge, attitude, and practice / Latent profile analysis / Influencing factors

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