基于文献计量学的针灸治疗眼病疾病谱与干预规律研究

A bibliometric analysis of the disease spectrum and intervention patterns of acupuncture for ophthalmic disorders

摘要

目的 系统分析1959-2024年针灸治疗眼病的文献数据，构建针灸治疗眼病疾病谱，明确不同干预方法的优势病种与取穴特征。方法 检索中国知识资源总库、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Cochrane Library及Embase自建库至2024年12月31日的临床文献，共纳入符合标准的文献2957篇。采用文献计量法分析疾病谱构成、适宜病症演变趋势、干预措施分布及其取穴规律。结果 纳入文献涵盖18类56种眼病。疾病谱呈现“高集中、广覆盖”特征，核心病种由传统炎症性疾病(如睑腺炎、结膜炎)逐步转向功能性与神经退行性病变(如近视、干眼症、视神经萎缩)。干预方法以针刺为主导(61.75%)，穴位注射(12.31%)、耳穴贴压(9.91%)、刺络放血(3.89%)、艾灸(2.87%)及复合疗法(8.52%)协同补充。取穴遵循“局部＋远端”原则，核心穴位与干预方法的技术特点及眼病病理机制高度契合。结论 针灸治疗眼病的疾病谱已形成以功能性眼病与慢性退行性病变为核心的稳定框架。未来应聚焦核心病种开展高质量研究，推动诊疗方案标准化，提升针灸在眼科临床的应用价值。

Abstract

Objective To systematically analyze the literature on acupuncture for ophthalmic disorders published between 1959 and 2024, construct a disease spectrum, and identify the dominant indications and acupoint selection patterns of different interventions. Methods Seven databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Chinese Scientific Journals Database, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) were searched from inception to December 31, 2024. A total of 2,957 clinical studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed using bibliometric methods to examine disease spectrum composition, trends in core indications, distribution of interventions, and acupoint selection patterns. Results The included studies covered 56 eye diseases across 18 categories. The disease spectrum exhibited a pattern of “high concentration with broad coverage”. Core indications shifted from traditional inflammatory disorders (e.g., hordeolum, conjunctivitis) to functional and neurodegenerative conditions (e.g., myopia, dry eye disease, optic atrophy). Acupuncture was the predominant intervention (61.75%), supplemented by acupoint injection (12.31%), auricular acupressure (9.91%), bloodletting (3.89%), moxibustion (2.87%), and combined therapies (8.52%). Acupoint selection followed a "local plus distal" strategy, with core acupoints closely aligned with the technical characteristics of interventions and the pathophysiological mechanisms of specific eye diseases. Conclusion The disease spectrum of acupuncture for ophthalmic disorders has formed a stable framework centered on functional and chronic degenerative eye diseases. Future research should focus on core indications to conduct high-quality studies and promote standardization of treatment protocols, thereby enhancing the clinical value of acupuncture in ophthalmology.

关键词

针灸 / 眼病 / 疾病谱 / 干预方法 / 文献计量

Key words

Acupuncture / Ophthalmic Diseases / Disease Spectrum / Intervention Methods / Bibliometrics

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基金资助

北京中医药大学“揭榜挂帅”青年项目(2024-JYB-JBZD-034)