中国儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科发展现状与展望

Current status and prospect of pediatric otolaryngology-head and neck surgery in China

摘要

我国儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科快速发展，在疾病规范化诊疗、微创外科技术革新、人工智能临床应用、遗传性疾病基因干预、多学科联合诊疗等领域成果显著，目前已形成耳科、鼻科、咽喉科、头颈外科、儿童睡眠专科、临床听力学等核心发展方向。儿童具有不同于成人的生长发育特点，疾病谱也存在较大差异，且因环境、生活方式等变化出现新趋势。儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科诊疗理念从经验性、对症处理走向综合评估，治疗手段转向微创、精准、个体化，更好地保护儿童的功能发育及身心健康成长。同时，学科发展仍存在短板，如医疗资源分配失衡、临床诊疗存在偏差、前沿技术下沉困难、儿童术后康复体系不完善等。在新时代儿童健康事业发展大背景下，儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科适应时代发展，以儿童优先、功能优先、发育优先为核心诊疗理念，不断推动前沿医学技术临床转化落地，完善从疾病预防、早期筛查、临床诊疗到术后康复、长期健康随访的全链条服务模式，全力守护我国儿童耳、鼻、咽喉及头颈部生理健康，助力儿童身心健康全面发展。

Abstract

China’s pediatric otolaryngology and head and neck surgery has experienced rapid development, achieving significant progress in standardized disease diagnosis and treatment, minimally invasive surgical techniques, artificial intelligence clinical applications, genetic intervention for inherited disorders, and multidisciplinary collaborative care. It has now established core development directions such as otology, rhinology, laryngology, head and neck surgery, pediatric sleep disorders, and clinical audiology. Children exhibit distinct growth and developmental characteristics compared with adults, with significantly different disease profiles that are also evolving due to environmental and lifestyle changes. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach in pediatric laryngology has fundamentally shifted-from empirical and symptomatic treatment to comprehensive assessment, with therapeutic methods transitioning to minimally invasive, precise, and personalized treatment plans, better safeguarding children’s functional development and physical and mental health. However, the field still faces challenges, such as imbalanced medical resource allocation, clinical diagnostic deviations, difficulties in advancing cutting-edge technologies, and an incomplete postoperative rehabilitation system for children. Against the backdrop of advancing children’s health initiatives in the new era, pediatric otolaryngology and head and neck surgery has adapted to the times, prioritizing children, function, and development as core principles. It continues to promote the clinical translation of advanced medical technologies, improving the full-service model from disease prevention and early screening to clinical diagnosis, postoperative rehabilitation, and long-term health follow-up. This effort aims to comprehensively protect children’s ear, nose, throat, and head and neck physiological health, fostering their physical and mental development.

关键词

儿童 / 耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 / 发展现状 / 展望

Key words

Children / Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery / Development status / Prospect

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