四川盆地简阳地区二叠系火山碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积的岩石学特征与成岩作用

Petrologic characterization and diagenesis of Permian mixed sedimentation of pyroclastic and carbonate in Jianyang area, Sichuan Basin

摘要

以四川盆地简阳地区二叠系火山碎屑-碳酸盐混积岩为研究对象,通过岩心薄片矿物扫描,胶结物碳氧同位素和流体包裹体分析、原位主、微量元素测试手段,对混积岩进行系统研究。结果表明:简阳地区混积岩可分为含碳酸盐火山碎屑混积岩、火山碎屑质碳酸盐混积岩和含火山碎屑碳酸盐混积岩三亚类,以火山喷发为中心,3类岩石呈规律性分布。混积岩经历了火山碎屑冷凝固结成岩、岩浆期后热液充填和埋藏胶结及溶蚀3个成岩阶段,成岩作用包括火山碎屑冷凝收缩、岩浆热液充填气孔、灰泥充填砾间、碳酸盐岩压实、方解石胶结、长石胶结及碱性流体溶蚀作用。钠长石胶结物为火山物质蚀变自生形成,方解石胶结物为大气水与深部热液混合形成。混积岩储层的形成受深部热液、大气淡水和碱性流体共同影响。其中,碱性流体溶蚀作用是形成优质储层的关键,溶蚀型储层集中分布于火山活动强烈、碱性溶蚀作用显著的斜坡带区域。火山碎屑-碳酸盐混积岩成岩作用的研究对于火山活动发育区碳酸盐岩的油气勘探开发具有重要意义。

Abstract

This study focuses on the Permian volcaniclastic-carbonate hybrid rocks in Jianyang area of Sichuan Basin. Based on thin-section observations, mineral auto-scanning, carbon and oxygen isotope data, fluid inclusion analysis, and in-situ major and trace element measurements, the characteristics and reservoir-forming mechanisms of volcaniclastic-carbonate mixed sedimentary reservoirs were systematically investigated. The results show that the hybrid rocks in Jianyang area can be classified into three subtypes: carbonate-bearing volcaniclastic hybrid rocks, volcaniclastic-rich carbonate hybrid rocks, and volcaniclastic-bearing carbonate hybrid rocks. These rock types exhibit a regular spatial distribution related to their distance from the volcanic eruption center. The volcaniclastic-carbonate hybrid rocks experienced three major stages of diagenesis: volcaniclastic consolidation and cementation, magmatic hydrothermal alteration, and burial diagenesis. The main diagenetic processes include condensation and contraction, hydrothermal fluid filling of vesicles, carbonate mud filling of breccias, compaction, calcite cementation, feldspar cementation, and alkaline fluid dissolution. Albite in the study area is interpreted to be of authigenic origin, while the calcite was mainly precipitated from meteoric water-modified hydrothermal fluids. The formation and evolution of the volcanoclastic-carbonate hybrid reservoirs were jointly influenced by deep hydrothermal fluids, meteoric freshwater, and alkaline fluids. Alkaline dissolution is identified as the key factor controlling the development of high-quality reservoirs. Such reservoirs are mainly distributed in slope zones characterized by strong volcanic activity and intense alkaline dissolution. This study provides important insights into the reservoir-forming mechanisms of volcaniclastic-carbonate hybrid rocks and has significant implications for hydrocarbon exploration and development in carbonate reservoirs associated with volcanic activity.

关键词

四川盆地 / 二叠系 / 混合沉积 / 成岩作用 / 凝灰质溶蚀 / 方解石成因

Key words

Sichuan Basin / Permian / mixed sedimentation / diagenesis / tuff dissolution / calcite genesis

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42272225)

国家自然科学基金项目(U24B2017)

深地国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1010302)