二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷JM3井区低煤阶煤层气富集特征与主控因素分析

Enrichment characteristics and main controlling factors of low rank coalbed methane in JM3 well area of Jiergalangtu sag, Erlian Basin

摘要

吉尔嘎朗图凹陷JM3井区是二连盆地低阶煤层气勘探的重点目标,其富集规律与主控因素不明制约了该区域下步开发部署。基于钻井岩心、测录井资料及地球化学测试数据,系统分析赛汉塔拉组低煤阶煤层气的富集地质条件与成藏主控因素,并构建有利区综合评价体系。创新性提出并论证“构造-封盖-水动力”三元控藏模式:构造演化控制煤系保存与断层封堵;顶底板泥岩提供有效封盖;NaHCO₃型地层水形成高矿化度滞留环境,构成动态封闭系统。结果表明:该区煤层具有厚度大(平均76 m)、镜质组含量高(体积分数87.8%)、灰分低(体积分数7.69%)的有利特征,储层属中孔-低渗类型,平均孔隙度13.95%,渗透率(0.28~4.03)×10^-3 μm²,具备良好的煤层气富集基础。含气性方面,以生物成因气为主,甲烷纯度大于96%,Ⅳ煤组平均含气量2.4 m³/t,含气饱和度达80.07%,资源丰度平均为2.81×10⁸ m³/km²,显示出可观的开发潜力;通过多指标叠合评价,将研究区划分为3类有利区,其中Ⅰ类区位于JM3-JM10-JM11井区,面积约3.57 km²,资源丰度高,构造稳定,为优先部署靶区。

Abstract

The JM3 well area in the Jiergalangtu sag is a key target for low-rank coalbed methane (CBM) exploration in the Erlian Basin. However, unclear enrichment patterns and controlling factors have restricted further development planning in this area. Based on drilling cores, logging and coring data, and geochemical analyses, this study systematically investigates the favorable geological conditions and principal controlling factors governing low-rank CBM enrichment in the Saihantala Formation, and establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for favorable exploration targets. An innovative "structure-seal-hydrodynamic" ternary control model for CBM accumulation is proposed and verified. In this model, structural evolution controls the preservation of coal-bearing strata and the sealing capacity of faults; mudstones in the roof and floor provide effective sealing conditions; and NaHCO ₃-type formation water creates a highly mineralized retention environment, forming a dynamically closed accumulation system. The results indicate that the coal seams in the study area possess favorable reservoir characteristics, including large cumulative thickness (average 76 m), high vitrinite content (87.8%), and low ash yield (7.69%). The reservoirs are characterized by medium-porosity and low-permeability, with an average porosity of 13.95% and permeability ranging from 0.28×10 ^-3 μm ² to 4.03×10 ^-3 μm ², providing suitable conditions for CBM enrichment. In terms of gas-bearing properties, the gas is dominated by biogenic methane, with methane purity exceeding 96%. The IV coal group exhibits an average gas content of 2.4 m ³/t, gas saturation of 80.07%, and average resource abundance of 2.81×10 ⁶ m ³/km ², indicating considerable development potential. Based on multi-parameter integrated evaluation, the study area is divided into three categories of favorable zones. Among them, the Class I favorable zone is located in the JM3-JM10-JM11 well area, covering approximately 3.57 km ². This area is characterized by high resource abundance and stable structural conditions, making it the primary target for future development deployment.

关键词

二连盆地 / 吉尔嘎朗图凹陷 / JM3井区 / 低煤阶 / 煤层气 / 富集特征 / 主控因素 / 有利区

Key words

Erlian Basin / Jiergalangtu sag / JM3 well area / low coal rank / coalbed methane / enrichment characteristics / main controlling factors / favorable area

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基金资助

中国石油天然气股份公司科技专项(QGYQCCQH2025-1)