超临界 CO ₂ 和压裂液对页岩储层物性协同作用机制

Synergistic effects of supercritical CO ₂ and fracturing fluids on shale reservoir properties

摘要

为明确超临界 CO₂ 对页岩储层储渗物性及润湿性的改造特征与微观作用规律,以松辽盆地陆相页岩油储层为对象,系统开展超临界 CO₂ 与水基压裂液(滑溜水、胍胶)协同作用前后的页岩渗透率和润湿性评价试验。结果表明:对于页理发育型页岩,基质+层理渗透率改善程度由高到低为 CO₂+滑溜水、CO₂+胍胶、超临界 CO₂、胍胶、滑溜水;对于纹层型页岩,改善程度由高到低为超临界 CO₂、CO₂+滑溜水、CO₂+胍胶、滑溜水、胍胶;不同流体对页理发育型页岩基质渗透率的改善整体优于纹层型页岩,超临界 CO₂ 单独作用提高幅度最大,而水基压裂液导致显著劣化,前置 CO₂ 可有效减弱其负面影响;页岩初始油相和水相接触角平均值分别为 11.7°和 79.3°,CO₂ 单独作用后润湿性转向中性偏油湿,滑溜水及 CO₂+滑溜水作用后实现润湿改变,亲水性明显增强;前置 CO₂ 可增加页岩亲水性矿物含量,有利于提高渗吸排驱微观采收率。

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects and mechanisms of supercritical CO ₂ on storage and permeability properties, as well as the wettability of shale reservoirs, in this study, a series of experiments were conducted on the lacustrine shale oil reservoirs of Songliao Basin, with focus on the synergistic effects of CO ₂ and water-based fracturing fluids (slick-water, guar gel) on shale permeability and wettability. The results show that for laminated shale with well-developed bedding, the improvement on permeability by different fluids followed the order from high to low of CO ₂+slick-water, CO ₂+guar gel, supercritical CO ₂, guar gel, slick-water. For the ordinary laminated shale, the improvement was highest with supercritical CO ₂, followed by CO ₂+slick-water, CO ₂+guar gel, slick-water, and guar gel. The permeability enhancement of the matrix in laminated shale with well-developed bedding is generally superior to that in ordinary laminated shale, with supercritical CO ₂ showing the largest improvement, while water-based fracturing fluids can cause significant deterioration. Preceding CO ₂ injection can effectively mitigate the negative effects of fracturing fluids. The initial oil and water contact angles of the shale samples measured were 11.7° and 79.3°, respectively. After CO ₂ treatments, the wettability shifted towards neutral to oil-wet. Slick-water and CO ₂+slick-water treatments resulted in a wettability alteration, significantly enhancing the rock's hydrophilicity. Preceding CO ₂ injection can increase the hydrophilic mineral content in the shale, which is beneficial for improving microscopic oil recovery efficiency during imbibition. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for optimizing shale oil fracturing processes.

关键词

陆相页岩油 / CO ₂ 前置压裂 / 压裂液 / 渗透率 / 润湿性 / 物理模拟

Key words

continental shale oil / pre-CO ₂ fracturing / fracturing fluid / permeability / wettability / physical simulation

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基金资助

黑龙江省揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目(DQYT-2022-JS-757)

黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022E019)