超高温固井水泥浆关键材料研究及应用

Research and application of key materials for ultra-high temperature cement slurry in well cementing

摘要

针对超高温等复杂环境下固井材料及水泥浆体系性能失效的难题,综合运用微观结构与宏观性能分析方法,揭示超高温条件下水泥浆及水泥石性能劣化的主要机制,进一步阐明超高温下水泥石力学稳定的内在机制,并据此开发耐温达240 ℃的固井关键材料及水泥浆体系。结果表明:聚合物分子结构在超高温下的转变,以及水泥石晶粒粗化、结构疏松,是导致性能衰退的关键因素;该体系以抗温240 ℃缓凝剂、降失水剂、稳定剂及强度衰退抑制剂为核心构建;在240 ℃超高温环境下,该水泥浆体系综合性能优异,沉降稳定性控制在0.03 g/cm³以内,API失水量低于50 mL,稠化时间与温度及缓凝剂加量之间呈现良好的线性关系,水泥石28 d抗压强度达35.6 MPa;该超高温固井关键材料及水泥浆体系已在四川、塔里木等盆地现场应用98井次,特别是在亚洲第一、世界第二垂深井SDTK-1井(完钻井深10 910 m)的成功应用中,固井质量优秀,创造了全球最深固井纪录。

Abstract

To address the challenge of performance failure in cementing materials and slurry systems under complex environments such as ultra-high temperature, the primary mechanisms of performance degradation of cement slurries and set cement under ultra-high temperature conditions was investigated using microstructure and macroscopic performance analysis methods, and the internal mechanism of mechanical stability of set cement under ultra-high temperature was further clarified. Based on this, key cementing materials and cement slurry systems with temperature resistance up to 240 ℃ were developed. It is found the transformation of polymer molecular structure at ultra-high temperature, grain coarsening and loose structure of set cement are the key factors leading to performance degradation. The system is constructed with temperature-resistant 240 ℃ retarder, fluid loss reducer, stabilizer and strength decay inhibitor as the core. Under the ultra-high temperature environment of 240 ℃, this slurry system exhibits excellent comprehensive performance. The sedimentation stability is controlled within 0.03 g/cm ³, and API fluid loss is below 50 mL. There is a good linear relationship between the thickening time and the temperature and retarder dosage. The 28-day compressive strength of the set cement reaches 35.6 MPa. Currently, this ultra-high temperature cementing key material and slurry system has been successfully applied in 98 wells across basins such as Sichuan and Tarim. Notably, it was successfully utilized in the SDTK-1 well (with a final depth of 10910 meters), which holds the record for the deepest vertical well in Asia and the second deepest in the world. The cementing quality was excellent, setting a new global record for the deepest cementing job.

关键词

超高温 / 固井关键材料 / 水泥浆 / 固井 / 超深特深井

Key words

ultra-high temperature / key materials for cementing / cement slurry / cementing / ultra-deep well

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基金资助

国家自然基金基础科学中心项目(52288101)

中石油重点课题(2023DQ0529)