莺歌海盆地东缘上中新统黄流组砂岩储层主要成岩矿物成因机制

Origin of major diagenetic minerals in clastic reservoirs of the Upper Miocene Huangliu Formation, eastern margin of Yinggehai Basin

摘要

莺歌海盆地东缘上中新统黄流组砂岩储层发育于高温超压背景,主要成岩矿物对储层非均质性及油气成藏具有关键控制作用。综合利用铸体薄片鉴定、阴极发光薄片鉴定、流体包裹体均一温度测试、C-O-Sr同位素及稀土元素分析,揭示莺歌海盆地东缘黄流组砂岩储层中主要成岩矿物物质来源、形成时序及成因机制。结果表明:研究区黄流组储层主要成岩矿物为Cal-Ⅰ、Cal-Ⅱ两期方解石胶结物,以及Qz-Ⅰ、Qz-Ⅱ两期硅质胶结物;Cal-Ⅰ和Cal-Ⅱ具有异常高的流体包裹体均一温度和轻稀土元素富集的配分模式,Yb/Ca-Yb/La物质的量比交会图上指示两者均为热液成因;Cal-Ⅰ阴极发光下呈暗黄色,在黄流组沉积晚期,在断裂活动下三亚组烃源岩内有机酸脱羧形成的有机CO₂运移至储层,为Cal-Ⅰ提供物质来源;Cal-Ⅱ阴极发光下呈亮黄色,在莺歌海组沉积晚期至现今,三亚组烃源岩在底辟的烘烤下烃源岩内的碳酸盐矿物开始分解,产生大量无机CO₂,与梅山组烃源岩内有机酸脱羧产生的有机CO₂共同运移至储层,为Cal-Ⅱ提供物质来源;硅质胶结物以阴极发光下呈黑色的石英加大边(Qz-Ⅱ)为主,阴极发光下呈棕色的石英加大边(Qz-Ⅰ)少量发育;在3 Ma至今,部分黄流组地层埋深超过2500 m,地层压实作用强,大量石英颗粒被压溶,压溶作用产生的Si为Qz-Ⅱ提供物质来源,在Al-Li、Al-Rb、Al-Cd、Al-Ge质量分数交会图上,Qz-Ⅱ与碎屑石英颗粒的数据点分布区域一致,反映其物质来源的同源性。

Abstract

The genetic mechanisms of diagenetic minerals fundamentally control reservoir heterogeneity and hydrocarbon accumulation in the high-temperature and overpressured the Upper Miocene Huangliu Formation sandstones along the eastern margin of the Yinggehai Basin. Integrated analyses of cast thin sections, cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures, carbon-oxygen-strontium isotopes, and rare earth element geochemistry, were conducted to investigate the sources, temporal evolution, and genetic mechanisms of the dominant diagenetic minerals in the study area. The results indicate that the major diagenetic minerals in the Huangliu Formation reservoirs of the study area comprise two generations of calcite cement (Cal-Ⅰ and Cal-Ⅱ) and two generations of quartz cement (Qz-Ⅰ and Qz-Ⅱ). Both generations of calcite cement exhibit hydrothermal characteristics, including anomalously high fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures, light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched patterns, and clustering within the hydrothermal field on Yb/Ca-Yb/La mole ratio cross-plots, confirming sustained hydrothermal control on their precipitation. The Cal-Ⅰ exhibits dull-yellow cathodoluminescence. During the late depositional stage of the Huangliu Formation, fault-contolled migration of organic CO ₂ generated by the decarboxylation of organic acids in the Sanya Formation source rocks provided the material source for Cal-Ⅰ. Cal-Ⅱ cement exhibits bright-yellow cathodoluminescence. During the late Yinggehai depositional stage, diapiric thermal baking caused the decomposition of carbonate minerals in the Sanya Formation source rocks, generating abundant inorganic CO ₂. Together with organic CO ₂ from the decarboxylation of organic acids in the Meishan Formation source rocks, these fluids migrated into the reservoirs, jointly supplying material sources for Cal-Ⅱ. Quartz cement is dominated by quartz overgrowths (Qz-Ⅱ) exhibiting black cathodoluminescence, with a subordinate occurrence of brown-luminescing quartz overgrowths (Qz-Ⅰ). Since approximately 3 Ma, parts of the Huangliu Formation have been buried to depths greater than 2500 m, where intense compaction caused extensive pressure dissolution of detrital quartz grains. Silica released through pressure dissolution provided the material source for Qz-Ⅱ. On Al-Li, Al-Rb, Al-Cd, and Al-Ge mass fraction crossplots, data points from Qz-Ⅱ and detrital quartz grains cluster within the same region, indicating a common origin.

关键词

方解石胶结物 / 石英加大边 / 成因机制 / 物质来源 / 莺歌海盆地 / 黄流组

Key words

calcite cement / quartz overgrowth / genetic mechanism / material source / Yinggehai Basin / Huangliu Formation

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(42272165)