东营凹陷新生界走滑带活动的定量表征

Quantitative characterization of Cenozoic strike-slip fault activity in Dongying Sag

摘要

走滑作用在盆地构造演化及油气成藏过程中具有重要控制意义,但在走滑-伸展叠合背景下,如何定量表征走滑活动的强度仍是不断探索的问题。基于地震资料,以东营凹陷新生代走滑相关构造带为解剖对象,分别建立两类走滑量计算模型与算法,实现对走滑位移的定量求取,并在此基础上引入运动学参数走滑因子(I_ST),用于定量表征走滑与伸展作用的相对强度。综合三维地震资料解释、生长指数与走滑量计算及平衡剖面恢复等方法,系统刻画东营凹陷新生代走滑相关构造的几何学、运动学特征及其时空演化差异。结果表明:东营凹陷新生代共经历沙三段、沙一-东营组及明化镇组3期区域性走滑活动,其中沙三段走滑作用最强,之后整体呈减弱趋势;不同构造部位走滑作用的强度与持续时间存在明显差异,反映了区域走滑应力与盆地内部差异伸展共同控制的构造响应;提出的走滑量计算方法不依赖特定盆地类型,对具有走滑相关几何特征的断裂带具有较好的普适性。

Abstract

Strike-slip deformation plays a key role in basin evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation. However, quantitative evaluation of strike-slip intensity remains challenging in tectonic settings where strike-slip and extensional deformation are superimposed. Using 3D seismic data from the Cenozoic strike-slip fault systems in the Dongying Sag, this study establishes two geometric models and corresponding algorithms to calculate strike-slip displacement for different fault assemblages. Based on these calculations, a kinematic parameter, the strike-slip index (I _ST), is proposed to quantify the relative contributions of strike-slip and extensional deformation. Integrated analyses of seismic interpretation, extensional index evaluation, strike-slip displacement calculation, and balanced cross-section restoration are conducted to systematically characterize the geometry, kinematics, and spatiotemporal evolution of the strike-slip fault systems. The results identify three major phases of strike-slip activity during deposition of the E ₂s ₃, E ₃s ₁-E ₃d, and Nm intervals. Strike-slip deformation reached its maximum intensity during the E ₂s ₃ stage and progressively weakened thereafter. Significant spatial variations in strike-slip intensity and duration indicate that the evolution of the fault systems was jointly controlled by regional strike-slip stress and differential basin extension. The proposed strike-slip displacement estimation approach is independent of specific basin types and can be broadly applied to strike-slip fault systems with similar geometric characteristics.

关键词

走滑断层 / 走滑量 / 运动学 / 定量评价 / 构造演化 / 东营凹陷

Key words

strike-slip faults / strike-slip displacement / kinematic / quantitative characterization / tectonic evolution / Dongying Sag

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41172124)

国家自然科学基金项目(42172138)