红松优树子代生长变异分析及优良材料选择
王芳 , 杨叶磊 , 苑长华 , 王君 , 魏伟 , 吴琳 , 李奎友 , 李奎全 , 陆志民 , 王元兴 , 杨雨春
植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (05) : 816 -826.
红松优树子代生长变异分析及优良材料选择
Variation Analysis of Growth Traits of Offspring and Superior Materials Selection of Pinus koraiensis
为筛选优良红松(Pinus koraiensis)种质资源,为国家储备林建设和红松造林推广提供材料,以吉林森工露水河林业有限公司初级红松种子园中优良个体的子代为材料,对19年生218个红松优树半同胞家系的树高、胸径、材积进行方差分析、遗传参数估算、一般配合力分析、相关分析和综合评价,筛选优良家系,并在优良家系中筛选优良单株。结果显示:不同家系、区组及家系×区组间的树高、胸径、材积均具有极显著差异(P<0.01);全部红松家系树高平均值为3.22 m,胸径平均值为4.79 cm,材积平均值为0.005 08 m3,各性状表型变异系数为25.42%~82.48%,家系遗传力为0.86~0.89,单株遗传力为0.23~0.38;家系PK20的树高、胸径、材积平均值均最大,且亲本的树高、胸径和材积一般配合力均最大,除PK20外,PK33、PK6和PK46亲本各性状的一般配合力均较大;树高、胸径与材积两两性状之间呈极显著正相关。利用多性状综合评价法筛选出10个优良家系(5%入选率),入选家系的树高、胸径和材积均值分别为3.85 m、6.50 cm和0.007 50 m3,遗传增益分别为17.30%、31.02%和65.08%,分别高出当地对照均值11.60%、23.81%和62.91%;以同样方法在优良家系中选出10个优良单株(2%入选率),入选单株的树高、胸径和材积均值分别为5.06 m、10.72 cm和0.023 99 m3,遗传增益分别为11.86%、17.31%和38.68%,分别高出当地对照均值46.67%、104.19%和420.83%。以生长性状作为选择目标,初选出的优良家系和优良单株可用于良种申报,为红松的遗传改良提供理论基础,同时为林业“双增”提供良种。配合力分析得到的优质亲本,可用于杂交育种产生遗传性较好的子代。
In order to select the excellent germplasm resources of Pinus koraiensis and provide materials for national reserve forests construction and afforestation promotion of P. koraiensis, the offspring of superior individuals in the primary P. koraiensis seed garden of Jilin Forest Industry Dew River Technology Group Co., Ltd. were used as materials. Analysis of variance, estimation of genetic parameters, analysis of general combining ability, correlation analysis and comprehensive evaluation were performed on tree height(H), diameter at breast height(DBH) and volume (V) of 218 half-sib families with 19-year-old P. koraiensis, respectively. The superior families were screened and the superior individuals were selected from the superior families. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences in H, DBH and V among different families, blocks and families×blocks(P<0.01). The average H of all P. koraiensis families was 3.22 m, the average DBH was 4.79 cm, and the average V was 0.005 08 m3. The phenotypic variation coefficient of the traits ranged from 25.42% to 82.48%, the family heritability ranged from 0.86 to 0.89, and the individual heritability ranged from 0.23 to 0.38. The average values of H, DBH and V of family PK20 were the largest, and the general combining ability values of H, DBH and V of PK20 parent were also the largest. Besides PK20, the general combining ability values of PK33, PK6 and PK46 parents were also larger. H, DBH and V were significantly positively correlated with each other. Therefore, 10 excellent families were screened out by multi-trait comprehensive evaluation method(5% selection rate). The average H, DBH and V of the selected families were 3.85 m, 6.50 cm and 0.007 50 m3, respectively. The genetic gain was 17.30%, 31.02% and 65.08%, respectively, with 11.60%, 23.81% and 62.91% higher than the local control mean value, respectively. By the same method, 10 excellent individuals were selected from excellent families(2% selection rate). The average H, DBH and V of the 10 selected individuals was 5.06 m, 10.72 cm and 0.023 99 m3, respectively, and the genetic gain was 11.86%, 17.31% and 38.68%, respectively, with 46.67%, 104.19% and 420.83% higher than the local control mean value, respectively. Taking growth traits as the selection target, the initially selected excellent families and individuals could be used for the application of improved varieties, providing a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of P. koraiensis and providing improved varieties for the double increase of forestry area and volume. The high-quality parents obtained by combining ability analysis could be used in hybrid breeding to produce offspring with better heredity.
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