1.College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650500
2.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines,Kunming 650500
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文章历史+
Received
Accepted
Published
2024-12-20
Issue Date
2026-06-04
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摘要
为了探究影响滇重楼(Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis)种子休眠解除的主要生理生化因子,该研究以滇重楼种子为研究材料,用体视显微镜观察胚的表型变化,筛选出5个典型阶段(S1,球形胚;S2,短柱形胚;S3,圆锥形胚;S4,鱼雷形胚;S5,出芽),采用生理生化方法和ELISA法测定各阶段的营养物质含量、酶活性和植物激素含量等指标。结果表明:胚率在S5阶段为(66.50±6.22)%,吸水率为76.54%;滇重楼种子的主要营养物质为淀粉;萌发过程中淀粉、游离氨基酸含量和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)活性均呈现下降的变化趋势,可溶性糖含量呈先下降后上升再下降的变化趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性和赤霉素A3(GA3)含量均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,赤霉素A4(GA4)和生长素(IAA)含量均呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在S5阶段显著增强,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈M型波动趋势,脱落酸(ABA)含量呈下降-上升-下降-上升的变化趋势。胚率与SOD活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与G-6-PDH活性和游离氨基酸含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),GA3含量与CAT活性、GA4含量与淀粉和氨基酸含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而IAA含量与可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。滇重楼种子的休眠类型为形态生理休眠;同时,胚的发育状态与生理生化指标的波动密切相关,可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、GA3、GA4的含量上升,GA3/ABA和IAA/ABA升高,以及SOD、POD、CAT的活性增强,均有助于种子休眠的解除。
Abstract
To explore the main physiological and biochemical factors affecting the dormancy release of seeds, the seeds of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were used as materials, and the phenotypic changes of embryos were observed by stereomicroscope. Five typical stages(S1, spherical embryo; S2, short cylindrical embryo; S3, conical embryo; S4, torpedo embryo; S5, budding) were screened out, respectively. Physiological and biochemical methods and ELISA were used to determine the nutrient content, enzyme activity and plant hormone content in the seeds at each stage. The results showed that the embryo rate was finally(66.50±6.22)%; the water absorption rate was 76.54%. The main nutrient of P polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds was starch. During the germination process, the contents of starch, free amino acids and activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH) showed a decreasing trend; the content of soluble sugar showed a trend of decreasing first, then increasing and then decreasing again; the activities of peroxidase(POD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and content of gibberellin A3(GA3) showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing; the contents of gibberellin A4(GA4) and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity increased significantly in S5 stage, catalase(CAT) activity showed a trend of M type fluctuation, abscisic acid(ABA) content showed a trend of ‘decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing’. The embryo rate was significantly positively correlated with SOD activity, and significantly negatively with G-6-PDH activity and free amino acids content. GA3 content was significantly positively correlated with CAT activity, GA4 content was significantly positively correlated with contents of starch and amino acids(P<0.01), while IAA content was significantly negatively correlated with soluble sugar content(P<0.01). The dormancy type of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds was morphological and physiological dormancy; and the development status of embryo was closely related to the fluctuation of physiological and biochemical indexes. The increases in contents of soluble sugar, free amino acid, GA3 and GA4, GA3/ABA and IAA/ABA, and activities of SOD, POD and CAT were all helpful to the release of seed dormancy.
活性氧是种子发芽过程的关键调节剂,在种子发芽过程中维持稳态可以保证发芽进程正常进行[30],高ROS会导致质膜过氧化损伤,种子活性受损而影响萌发,而SOD可催化超氧阴离子()歧化为H2O2,CAT和POD可将H2O2分解为H2O,因此,SOD、CAT和POD构成了对抗ROS的第一道防线[31-32]。一般认为,种子内部较高的SOD活性有利于清除活性氧,为种子萌发创造良好条件[33]。在萌发初期SOD活性缓慢提高,在出芽后达到峰值,与油菜籽(Brassica campestris)[34]萌发过程中的SOD活性逐渐增加的变化趋势相似,且SOD活性与胚率呈极显著正相关,原因在于SOD通过维持氧化平衡,调控与细胞分化有关的信号通路和基因表达,保证胚的正常发育,从而提高胚率[35]。李昭玲等[18]在变温层积处理华重楼(Paris polyphylla var. chinensis)种子时发现,POD活性在由休眠状态转为破除休眠状态时达到最高值,认为是POD与氧化还原酶发生氧化还原反应,将NADPH氧化为NADP+底物,从而促进磷酸戊糖途径(PPP)的顺利进行,有利于种子的休眠解除,本研究结果与之相似,POD活性在S3阶段达到最高,表明此阶段种子已由休眠状态转为破除休眠状态。萌发过程中CAT活性维持一定波动,且CAT活性与MDH和G-6-PDH活性呈显著正相关,表明CAT通过促进呼吸代谢,从而参与种子萌发。
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