To explore the differences in stomatal traits between different life forms(trees vs. shrubs) and stomatal distribution types(hypostomatous vs. amphistomatous), and their relationships with leaf economic traits, this study was conducted from July to August 2023 using 22 common tree species on the campus of Northeast Forestry University. Through correlation analysis and standardized major axis analysis, the following findings were obtained: (1)Both life forms and stomatal distribution types significantly influenced stomatal traits. Trees exhibited significantly higher stomatal density(DS) (P<0.05) but lower stomatal aperture(AS) than shrubs. Hypostomatous leaves showed significantly higher DS and stomatal relative area(ASR) than amphistomatous leaves. (2)Relationships among stomatal traits varied by life form and leaf type. Negative correlations between DS and stomatal size (SS) or ASR were statistically significant(P<0.05) only in trees and hypostomatous leaves, while the positive correlation between SS and AS reached significance(P<0.05) exclusively in hypostomatous leaves. (3)Stomatal traits were closely linked to the other leaf economic traits. Both DS and ASR were negatively correlated with specific leaf area (ASL) and leaf nitrogen content(NL), but positively correlated with leaf dry matter content(CLDM). AS showed a negative correlation with NL. Trait coordination was more stable in trees and hypostomatous leaves, whereas shrubs and amphistomatous leaves exhibited more independent trait variations. The results of this research help to further understand the stomatal development strategies of different types of plants.
作为衡量植物对不同环境适应程度的重要指标[9],气孔密度(DS)和气孔大小(SS)现已成为植物生物学研究的重要内容之一[10]。气孔数量、大小和开度是植物蒸腾和光合作用的关键决定因素,这些性状的变化可以影响植物的生长和生产力[11]。研究[4,8-9]表明,DS和SS存在稳定的负相关关系,这种相关关系也在物种和功能类群水平上得到了证实[12]。气孔相对面积(ASR)是DS和SS的乘积,是代表叶片最大气孔气体交换值(maximum stomatal gas exchange)的解剖学约束指标,ASR越大意味着植物拥有更高的生产力和竞争力[13]。气孔开度(AS)作为一个动态指标,影响着光合作用对CO2吸收和水分流失的平衡;已有研究[14]证实:较小的气孔可以更加灵活地调控AS,但获得的碳同化产物低于较大气孔,因此,SS与AS的权衡关系会影响植物碳收益。目前,对气孔特征的研究主要集中在DS和SS,对ASR和AS的分析及与其他气孔特征之间关系的探究相对较少。
使用R 4.3.2进行数据分析,使用Origin 2021作图。将测量和计算获得的各气孔参数平均值作为树种的气孔特征指标,并对气孔特征、叶片形态和化学性状数据进行以10为底的对数转换以满足正态分布。通过独立样本t检验和双因素方差分析分析生活型(乔木、灌木)和气孔分布类型(单面气孔型、双面气孔型)对叶片下表皮气孔特征参数的影响;采用配对样本t检验比较双面气孔型植物叶片上、下表皮气孔特征的差异。计算叶片下表皮气孔特征间及其与叶资源经济性状的Pearson相关系数后,对显著相关的性状组合,利用lmodel2包进行标准化主轴分析(standardized major axis,SMA)计算斜率,并通过smatr包检验斜率与1.0(或-1.0)的差异,同时分析不同生活型和气孔分布类型下叶资源经济性状关系的异质性。
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