红松半同胞家系胸径遗传变异分析与优良家系选择
Genetic Variation Analysis of Radial Growth and Superior Family Selection in Korean Pine Half-Sib Families
通过分析不同林龄红松(Pinus koraiensis)半同胞家系径生长遗传变异,进行优良家系选择,为红松高世代育种群体的组建提供优良材料。该研究以吉林省露水河林业有限公司国家红松良种基地内红松半同胞家系子代测定林为研究对象,分别测量林龄18、23、27、32 a的34个参试家系(包含1个对照)胸径,通过方差分析、Duncan法多重比较等方法比较家系间胸径性状差异性,根据方差分量计算表型与遗传变异系数、家系遗传力等遗传参数,采用BLUP法估算家系育种值,通过TOPSIS法对不同林龄时期参试家系的育种潜力进行综合评价,根据综合排名筛选优良家系。结果显示:林龄18、23、27 a时家系间胸径性状差异不显著(P>0.05);林龄32 a时,家系间胸径性状差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。随林龄增长,参试家系间差异由不显著转为显著,表明遗传效应在林木生长过程中逐渐增强。遗传变异系数在不同林龄时期波动较小,表型变异系数随林龄增长逐渐降低。家系遗传力在林龄18~23 a时保持稳定(0.319~0.322),林龄27 a时显著下降至0.238,林龄32 a时期回升至0.346。参试家系育种值随林龄增长总体呈现优化趋势,正值家系数量占比增加。根据TOPSIS法综合评价排名,按15%入选率进行选择,766、774、851、899、853号家系入选,人工选择可获得4.06%的遗传进展。林龄32 a时,优良家系平均胸径值高出对照19.72%,现实增益12.40%、遗传增益4.29%,平均单株材积高出参试家系平均值33.09%。红松优良家系人工选择增益显著,可为今后高世代育种群体的组建提供优良繁育材料,对红松生长性状的遗传改良具有积极意义。
To analyze the genetic variation in diameter growth among half-sib families of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) across different stand ages and to select superior families, thereby providing high-quality materials for advanced-generation breeding populations, a progeny test forest was established using half-sib families sourced from the National Korean Pine Seed Orchard at Lushuihe Forestry Co., Ltd., Jilin Province. Diameters at breast height(DBH) of 34 tested families(including one control) were measured at stand ages of 18, 23, 27, and 32 a. Differences in DBH among families were assessed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. Genetic parameters, including phenotypic and genetic coefficients of variation and family heritability, were calculated based on variance components. The breeding values of families were estimated using the best linear unbiased prediction method. The breeding potential of families across different stand ages was comprehensively evaluated using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, and superior families were selected based on comprehensive rankings. The results showed that no significant differences in DBH among families were observed at stand ages of 18, 23, and 27 a(P>0.05). However, significant differences emerged at 32 a(P<0.05), indicating that genetic effects gradually strengthened during tree growth. The genetic variation coefficient fluctuated minimally across ages, while the phenotypic variation coefficient decreased with stand age. Family heritability remained stable from 18 to 23 a (0.319-0.322), declined significantly to 0.238 at 27 a, and rebounded to 0.346 at 32 a. The breeding values of families generally improved with age, with an increasing proportion of families exhibiting positive values. Based on TOPSIS rankings and a 15% selection rate, families No.766, 774, 851, 899, and 853 were selected, achieving a genetic progress of 4.06%. At 32 a, the average DBH of superior families exceeded the control by 19.72%, with realized and genetic gains of 12.40% and 4.29%, respectively. The average individual tree volume of superior families surpassed the mean of tested families by 33.09%. Artificial selection of superior families yielded significant gains, providing high-quality breeding materials for advanced-generation Korean pine breeding populations. This study has positive implications for the genetic improvement of growth traits in Korean pine.
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