This study investigated the effects of composite inducers at varying concentrations and photomorphogenic inducers under different photoperiods on the major secondary metabolites in Epimedium sagittatum(Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. suspension cells. Orthogonal experiments were conducted under optimal culture conditions to evaluate the effects of three composite inducers: MeJA at 25, 50, and 75 μmol⋅L-1; SA at 25, 50, and 75 μmol⋅L-1; and CTS at 0, 10, and 20 mg⋅L-1. Additionally, induction was performed under varying light qualities and photoperiods. The findings demonstrated that the levels of secondary metabolites, including flavonol glycosides, total flavonoids, total phenolic acids, and total saponins, increased in E. sagittatum suspension cells treated with composite inducers and photomorphogenic inducers compared to the control group. The F4 treatment group (50 µmol⋅L-1 MeJA, 25 µmol⋅L-1 SA, 20 mg⋅L-1 CTS) and G6 treatment group (blue light, 16 h) exhibited significantly higher flavonol glycoside content, being 2.92 and 3.79-fold higher than the control, respectively. The F3 treatment group(25 µmol⋅L-1 MeJA, 50 µmol⋅L-1 SA, 10 mg⋅L-1 CTS) and G6 treatment group(blue light, 16 h) demonstrated significantly higher total flavonoid content, approximately 1.42 and 1.27-fold higher than the control, respectively. The F2 treatment group(25 µmol⋅L-1 MeJA, 25 µmol⋅L-1 SA) and G4 treatment group (blue light, 12 h) exhibited significantly elevated total phenolic acid content, being 4.11 and 2.94-fold higher than the control, respectively. The F8 treatment group(75 µmol⋅L-1 MeJA, 75 µmol⋅L-1 SA) and G2 treatment group (white light, 12 h) exhibited higher total alkaloid content, being 1.28 and 1.02-fold higher than the control, respectively. The total saponin content in the F5 treatment group(50 µmol⋅L-1 MeJA, 50 µmol⋅L-1 SA) and G6 treatment group(blue light, 16 h) was significantly higher, being 3.73 and 3.05-fold higher than the control, respectively. These results indicated that the application of exogenous inducers effectively enhanced the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and total saponins, in E. sagittatum.
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