To identify purebred tree varieties with well-defined pedigrees, this study examined growth and leaf traits across 20 half-sibling families of Populus simonii. By integrating EST-SSR molecular marker technology, the kinship pedigree was reconstructed, and evaluations and selections were performed for both half-sibling and full-sibling families before and after reconstruction. The results revealed highly significant differences(P<0.01) across all investigated indices among the 20 families. High heritability was observed for each index, and the population exhibited substantial genetic diversity. At a selection rate of 5%, Ps14 was identified as the optimal family; the seedling height and ground stem diameter increased by 55.45% and 40.38%, respectively, compared to the overall mean. Fresh leaf mass, dry leaf mass, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, and leaf vein angle increased by 60.20%, 39.29%, 24.40%, 41.66%, 1.05%, 14.73%, and 68.69%, respectively, compared to the overall mean. Paternity identification of Ps14 offspring was conducted using 15 polymorphic EST-SSR primer pairs, successfully identifying paternal parents for 99% of the offspring. A total of 32 effective paternal parents were identified, among which 12 had higher reproductive contributions under open-pollination conditions. Ps14×M-PS243 was identified through evaluation of the reconstructed full-sib families as an excellent family, with offspring exhibiting a 76.64% increase in height and a 74.34% increase in ground diameter compared to the population mean. Additionally, GCA analysis highlighted M-PS243 as a promising paternal parent. In conclusion, this study utilized molecular markers to reconstruct pedigrees of poplar half-sibling families and evaluate superior families with clear pedigrees, significantly enhancing selection efficiency and providing novel insights for the genetic improvement of poplar and other tree species.
LIUW T.Gene expression characteristics and drought stress responsemechanism of Populus simonii×P .nigra var.italic triploids derived from 2n female and male gametes[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2023.
FANM Y, ZHANGJ M, SUNL B,et al.Effect of stand density of Populus simonii Carrière forests on ecosystem multifunctionality in the loess plateau of northwestern Shanxi Province[J].Forest Research,2025,38(4):187-195.
[5]
姚建忠.中国北方青杨派杨树遗传多样性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2024,39(2):79-84.
[6]
YAOJ Z.Genetic diversity of Tacamahaca in northern China[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2024, 39(2):79-84.
CHENJ C, LIY Y, ZUOL X.The hydraulic acclimation of old and dwarf Populus simonii trees growing on sandy soil in northern Shaanxi Province,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(15):4193-4200.
[9]
SONGY P,CI D, TIANM,et al.Stable methylation of a non-coding RNA gene regulates gene expression in response to abiotic stress in Populus simonii [J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2016,67(5):1477-1492.
HED, YANGJ C, TANQ Z,et al.Genetic variation and early selection of growth traits among Sindora glabra provenances and families[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2025,49(5):147-153.
ZHANGX W, CHENT T, WANGF D,et al.Analysis of twig and needle traits and evaluation of drought tolerance in Larix olgensis clones[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2026,46(1):145-157.
[16]
WANGH X, JIANGL P, ZHANGF F,et al.Effects of planting density and nitrogen fertilization on growth traits and leaf and wood characteristics of three poplar clones[J].Sustainability,2024,16(19):8561.
LIS W, ZHANGZ Y, YUZ S,et al.Correlation between molecular genetic distances among parents and growth traits of progenies in Populus [J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2008,44(5):150-154.
[19]
GARNIERE, VILED, DEBAINS,et al.Photosynthesis,water-use and nitrogen relate to both plant height and leaf structure in 60 species from the Mediterranean[J].Functional Ecology,2025,39(2):567-582.
[20]
NIINEMETSÜ, PORTSMUTHA, TOBIASM.Leaf size modifies support biomass distribution among stems,petioles and mid-ribs in temperate plants[J].New Phytologist,2006,171(1):91-104.
[21]
WANGH, WANGR X, HARRISONS P,et al.Leaf morphological traits as adaptations to multiple climate gradients[J].Journal of Ecology,2022,110(6):1344-1355.
ZHANGW X, DINGM, SUX H,et al.Heterosis and drought resistance assessment of Populus simonii × P.nigra F1 hybrids based on growth traits and leaf anatomical structures[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2025,49(1):46-58.
[26]
周炳秀.雄性毛白杨无性系苗期多性状综合选择及抗寒性评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2023.
[27]
ZHOUB X.Comprehensive selection of multiple traits and evaluation of cold resistance on male Populustomentosa clones during seedling stage[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2023.
YUANZ S.Comprehensive evaluation of multiple traits of Populus deltoides and analysis of transcriptome differences of clones with different growth rates[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2022.
ZHANGJ Q.Phylogenetic relationships construction and NLR gene families analysis of Populus based on phylogenomics[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2023.
CHENGW Z, FANJ F, GAOJ S,et al.Fingerprinting and genetic analysis of ten poplar clones based on RSAP markers[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition),2021,49(9):85-91.
YUANJ Q, TIANY, FUX X.Genetic identification and relationship analysis of main southern-type poplar clones with EST-SSR[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2019,39(5):770-778.
[40]
王雪来.基于谱系重建的红松优良家系选择研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2024.
[41]
WANGX L.Selection of superior families of Pinus koraiensis base on pedigree reconstruction[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2024.
[42]
罗德义.西南地区青杨派乡土杨树早期性状选择与综合评价[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2020.
[43]
LUOD Y.Evaluation and selection of early traits of Populus in Tacamahaca from southwest China[D].Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2020.
[44]
CHENC J, CHENH, ZHANGY,et al.TBtools:an integrative toolkit developed for interactive analyses of big biological data[J].Molecular Plant,2020,13(8):1194-1202.
LIZ X, LIR, JIANGG Y,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of multiple-traits of Betula platyphylla half-sib family seedlings[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2019,17(8):2667-2674.
[47]
RAZAFIMAHATRATRAA R, RAMANANANTOANDROT, RAZAFIMAHAROV,et al.Provenance and progeny performances and genotype × environment interactions of Eucalyptus robusta grown in Madagascar[J].Tree Genetics & Genomes,2016,12(3):38.
[48]
ZHANGH, ZHANGY H Y, ZHANGD W,et al.Progeny performance and selection of superior trees within families in Larix olgensis [J].Euphytica,2020,216(3):60.
[49]
陈澜.不同种源福建柏苗期性状差异性研究及优良种源选择[D].福州:福建农林大学,2015.
[50]
CHENL.The researches on seedling characters difference of Fokienia hodginsii from different provenances and excellent provenance selection[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2015.
[51]
续九如.林木数量遗传学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[52]
XUJ R.Quantitative genetics in forestry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[53]
CHUD M, YAOT, ZHOUL,et al.Genetic variation analysis and comprehensive evaluation of wood property traits of 20-year-old Chinese fir clone[J].European Journal of Forest Research,2022,141(1):59-69.
[54]
KAVAND, MANP.MSTools:web based application for visualization and presentation of HXMS data[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2011,302(1/2/3):53-58.
[55]
PEAKALLR, SMOUSEP E.GenAlEx 6.5:genetic analysis in Excel.Population genetic software for teaching and research—an update[J].Bioinformatics,2012,28(19):2537-2539.
[56]
NAGYS, POCZAIP, CERNÁKI,et al.PICcalc:an online program to calculate polymorphic information content for molecular genetic studies[J].Biochemical Genetics,2012,50(9/10):670-672.
[57]
KALINOWSKIS T, TAPERM L, MARSHALLT C.Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment[J].Molecular Ecology,2007,16(5):1099-1106.
TANX M, ZHOUZ C, JING Q,et al.Paternity analysis and pollen dispersal for the second generation clonal seed orchard of Pinus massoniana [J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(9):937-945.
[60]
BISIR B,PIO R, LOCATELLIG,et al.General and specific combining ability in the selection of polliniser cultivars of hybrid pear trees (Pyrus communis×P. pyrifolia)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2021,277:109797.
ZHAOZ S, WANGR Z, LIY H,et al.Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the phenotype and quality traits of Jiangxi soybean germplasm resources[J].Soybean Science,2019,38(5):686-693.
ZHOUY, HUANGS Y, YANGM Q,et al.Genetic variation of growth and leaf traits of different Cyclobalanopsis gilva families at seedling stage[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2022,51(5):75-80.
CHANGS L, HANX Y.Effect of calcium ammonium nitrate on the growth and carbon-nitrogen metabolism of Populus×canadensis Moench and Populus simonii Carr.cuttings[J].Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology,2024(1):1-6.
RENJ S.Genetic and environmental effects on seedling traits of progenies from multiple crossings between P .simonii and P. nigra[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2022.
[71]
王长海.小叶杨与欧洲黑杨杂交子代苗期性状变异分析[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2019.
[72]
WANGC H.Variation analysis of seedling stage characters of hybrid progeny of Populus simonii × P . nigra[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2019.
LIB H, SONGY P, ZHANGD Q,et al.Variation analysis of photosynthetic physiology and leaf phenotype on Populus simonii in northern China[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition),2020,49(1):45-50.
[75]
WANGD L, FORMICAM K, LIUS.Nonparametric interval estimators for the coefficient of variation[J].The International Journal of Biostatistics,2018,14(1):20170041.
YUANZ S, GEL, ZHANGX Y,et al.Seedling testing and early selection of a half-sib progeny of Populus deltoids [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2022,50(12):15-18.
ZHANGJ G, BAOE J, WANGJ,et al.The genetic diversity of half-sib family progenies of Populus(section Leuce) in Altai of Xinjiang[J].Forest Research,2013,26(3):366-372.
SUNL L, PENGL N, MUY H.Correlation analysis and preliminary mapping of QTL for growth traits of plum in cold region[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2025,23(15):5106-5113.
WUM Z, LIJ N, LIY,et al.Genetic analysis of chestnut blight resistance and growth traits for half-sib families of Castanea henryi [J].Journal of Forest and Environment,2024,44(2):175-182.
[84]
赵曦阳.白杨杂交试验与杂种无性系多性状综合评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[85]
ZHAOX Y.Study on hybridization and evaluation of multiple characters of hybrid clones in Chinese white poplar[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2010.
MIY, JIANGL P, ZHAOX Y,et al.Effects of pruning,irrigation,and fertilization tending measures on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Populus cathayana × canadensis ‘Xin Lin 1’[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2025,40(5):75-84.
ZHAON, LIUJ, GONGG T,et al.On the classification and distribution of the subfamily Populoideae(Salicaceae)[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2009, 27(1):23-40.
[90]
韩志强.基于SSR分子标记分析的毛白杨育种亲本选配策略研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2018.
[91]
HANZ Q.Study on the selection strategy of Populus tomentosa breeding parents based on SSR markers[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2018.
[92]
WEIZ Z, DUQ Z, ZHANGJ F,et al.Genetic diversity and population structure in Chinese indigenous poplar (Populus simonii) populations using microsatellite markers[J].Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,2013,31(3):620-632.