The objective of this study was to select superior poplar clones in combination with fast growth and high quality, so as to provide material support for genetic improvement of poplar in northeast China. Forty-three poplar clones introduced from Xinjiang were planted in a test plantation established in Xinmin City, Liaoning Province. Their growth traits(tree height and ground diameter), leaf morphological traits(leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, petiole length, petiole diameter, etc.), and photosynthetic physiological traits(net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 mole fraction, water-use efficiency, and chlorophyll content, etc.) were measured and analyzed. The results showed that all 43 clones exhibited significant differences in the measured traits(P<0.01). The phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 1.41% to 37.60%. All traits showed repeatability values exceeding 0.940, indicating high genetic stability and improvement potential. Correlation analysis revealed that ground diameter was generally and significantly positively correlated with leaf morphological traits(r, 0.505-0.604), and also significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content(r, 0.275-0.328). Different evaluation systems were constructed based on their characteristics in growth traits(growth indicators), biomass accumulation capacity(growth and leaf morphological indicators), water- and light-use efficiency(growth, leaf area, and water-use efficiency), and potential photosynthetic capacity(growth, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, and photosynthetic pigment content). Based on these evaluation systems, six clones-P.×euramericana cv. ‘Neva’, P. nigra cv. ‘Jinye’, P.×euramericana ‘Zhonglin107’, P.×euramericana ‘Zhonglin46’, P.deltoides and P. ×deltoids cv-64-were consistently selected across four evaluation systems, with genetic gains ranging from 2.82% to 69.08%. These clones had distinct advantages in fast growth, water- and light-use efficiency, and potential photosynthetic capacity, reflecting different growth advantages and adaptive strategies. They enable “site-specific clone selection” in northeast China to meet diverse afforestation needs, thereby providing a scientific basis for the promotion of poplar clones in the region.
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