植物作为重金属污染的生物指示物——从测量到机理理解的综合观点

Plants as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution: A Synthetic Viewpoint from Measurement to Mechanistic Understanding

摘要

植被作为环境污染诊断工具已从描述性实践中不断发展和应用。植物长期被用作环境污染（尤其是重金属污染）的生物指示物。尽管分析技术的进步显著提升了我们对植物组织中微量元素的定量能力，但解析这些数据仍面临重大挑战。本文观点认为，植物不应被视为环境污染的被动记录者，而应理解为基于物种特异性生理机制和环境条件整合、转化并重新分配金属的动态系统。

Abstract

The use of vegetation as a diagnostic tool for environmental contamination has evolved from descriptive practices. Plants have long been used as bioindicators of environmental contamination， particularly heavy metals. While analytical advances have greatly improved our ability to quantify trace elements in plant tissues， interpreting these data remains a critical challenge. This viewpoint argued that plants should not be considered as passive recorders of environmental pollution， but as dynamic systems that integrate， transform， and redistribute metals according to species-specific physiology and environmental conditions.

关键词

生物指示物 / 重金属污染 / 环境污染 / 植物与土壤互作

Key words

bioindicator / heavy metal pollution / environmental pollution / plant and soil interactions