Light is an indispensable environmental factor for plant growth and development. However, UV-B radiation interferes with normal growth processes, causing oxidative damage and inhibiting photosynthesis. To explore the morphological and physiological characteristics and underlying mechanisms of poplars to UV-B stress, dioecious Populus cathayana were used as materials. The cuttings were subjected to UV-B stress alone or combined with exogenous applications of exogenous phytohormones(indole-3-acetic acid(IAA), 1-aminocyclo-propanecarboxylic acid(ACC), methyl jasmonate(MeJA), salicylic acid(SA) and melatonin(MT)). A series of indictors were conducted, including leaf photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant activities, hormone contents, relative expression levels of related genes, anthocyanin contents in stems and leaves, as well as principal component analysis(PCA). Results showed that under UV-B stress, the net photosynthetic efficiency decreased, and the reactive oxygen species(ROS) molality increased in P.cathayana leaves, with male exhibiting stronger tolerance to UV-B than female P.cathayana. Exogenous hormone applications alleviated UV-B stress-induced damage by improving leaf photosynthetic performance and regulating ROS homeostasis. Specifically, IAA, ACC, and MT treatments exerted more pronounced alleviating effects on female than that on male P.cathayana under UV-B stress. SA application significantly reduced the H2O2 content in leaves. MeJA application promoted organ anthocyanin accumulation, decreased leaf H2O2 content, and enhanced net photosynthetic efficiency and UV-B tolerance on P. cathayana. In addition, the relative expression levels of PtrJAZ1/2/3/5/9 genes were significantly upregulated under both UV-B stress and MeJA treatment, suggesting that these genes may act as key regulators in the JA signaling pathway, mediating anthocyanin synthesis and stress responses. In conclusion, males displayed greater physiological plasticity and stress resistance potential than female P. cathayana under UV-B radiation stress. This study provides practical insights for stress-resistant plant cultivation and hormone regulation in practices.
植物通过UVR8(UV Resistance Locus 8)蛋白感知UV-B光信号,UVR8在细胞质中以非活性二聚体形式存在。被UV-B激活后,UVR8转化为活性单体形式并进入细胞核,通过影响下游转录因子活性调节植物的光形态建成和胁迫响应[5-6]。UVR8蛋白过表达会引起类黄酮积累[7-8]。拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)突变体utv1的查尔酮合酶表达上调,导致类黄酮积累增加,从而增强其对UV-B辐射耐受性[9]。类黄酮具有吸收紫外线并清除ROS以防止UV-B损伤的作用,其中,花青素在清除ROS积累方面表现出较强的抗氧化活性[10-11]。在子叶中,UVR8与MYB13相互作用,上调花青素生物合成相关基因表达,从而提高植物对UV-B辐射抗性[12]。因此,包括花青素在内的类黄酮积累是植物在高强度UV-B环境下的关键适应策略,有助于维持植物光合效率和正常生长发育。
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