To investigate the phenotypic diversity of growth and nut traits of Juglans mandshurica natural forest germplasm resources, 77 germplasms of J. mandshurica from the main distribution areas of Heilongjiang Province were used as materials, and six descriptive phenotypic traits and 10 quantitative traits were analyzed, and principal component analysis and systematic clustering method were used for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the variation coefficients of descriptive phenotypic traits were in range of 4.61%- 43.49%, variation coefficient of nut color(43.49%) was the highest, Shannon-weaver diversity index of depth of surface grooves(0.829) was the highest, variation coefficient(4.61%) and diversity index(0.120) of top prominence were the minimum, the phenotypic traits were stable relatively. In terms of quantitative traits, variation coefficients of factors related to nut size and growth were 4.40%-12.05% and 22.60%-35.57%, respectively; variation coefficient of yield per plant(48.50%) was the highest, and the mean value of single nut mass was 9.36 g. There were significant positive correlations between single nut mass and the indicators nut vertical diameter, horizontal diameter, lateral diameter(P<0.01), respectively. The yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with growth factor, nut size and single nut mass(P<0.01), respectively. The principal component analysis of 10 quantitative traits showed that the cumulative contribution rate of four indicators extracted was 88.410%. The results of cluster analysis showed that 77 germplasms could be divided into four groups, group Ⅰ could be used to breed fruit and timber, group Ⅱ could be used to breed fruit cultivars with high yield and large fruit shape. MH9 in group Ⅱand BW12 in group Ⅰ could be used as parent materials for breeding fruit cultivars with high yield and large fruit shape; BW14 in group Ⅰ could be used as parent materials for breeding timber cultivars.
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