育龄妇女孕前贫血现状及影响因素研究:单中心真实世界大数据分析

Research on the current status and influencing factors of pre-pregnancy anemia among women of childbearing age: a single-center real-world big data analysis

摘要

目的 分析育龄妇女孕前血红蛋白检查结果,探讨育龄妇女孕前贫血现状及相关影响因素。方法 采用单中心真实世界数据分析,纳入2017年1月至2021年12月于深圳市福田区妇幼保健院参与孕前检查的57280例育龄妇女为研究对象,通过病史采集、血红蛋白实验室检测,分析育龄妇女孕前贫血现状,并探讨相关的可能影响因素。结果 育龄妇女孕前贫血平均发生率为5.50%,呈逐年下降趋势,其中主要为轻度贫血,其平均发生率为5.10%,在各年间的差异具有统计学意义(χ²=328.71、333.15,均P<0.05).年龄较低(21~24岁)(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.12~1.28)、有贫血家族史(OR=5.28,95%CI:4.32~6.45)、月经量偏多(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.41~1.97)是育龄妇女发生贫血的危险因素;而文化程度较高[高中(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.68~0.99)、大专及以上(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.44~0.71)]、有不良孕产史(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.65~0.83)是发生贫血的保护因素。结论 深圳市孕前优生健康检查中育龄妇女贫血发病率呈下降趋势,临床上孕前优生健康宣教及干预应重点关注低年龄段、低学历、有贫血家族史及月经量偏多的人群,以降低孕期贫血相关疾病的风险.

Abstract

Objective Among women of childbearing age, analyze their results of pre-pregnancy hemoglobin tests, and explore their current status and related influencing factors of pre-pregnancy anemia. Methods A single-center real-world data analysis was used, including 57280 women of childbearing age who participated in pre-pregnancy examinations at Shenzhen Futian District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. Through medical history collection and hemoglobin laboratory testing, we analyzed the status of pre-pregnancy anemia among women of childbearing age, and explored the potential influencing factors. Results The average incidence of pre-pregnancy anemia among women of childbearing age was 5.50%, showing a decreasing over the years. Among them, the average incidence of mild anemia was 5.10%, and the differences in incidence among years were statistically significant (χ²=328.71, 333.15, both P<0.05). Risk factors for anemia among women of childbearing age included younger age (21-24 years old) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.12-1.28), a family history of anemia (OR=5.28, 95%CI: 4.32-6.45), and excessive menstrual flow (OR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.41-1.97). Protective factors against anemia included higher education levels [high school (OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.68-0.99), college or above (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.44-0.71)] and an abnormal childbearing history (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.65-0.83). Conclusion The incidence of anemia among women of childbearing age in pre-pregnancy eugenics health examination in Shenzhen has shown a declining trend. In clinical practice, pre-pregnancy eugenics health education and intervention should focus on populations with low age, low education level, a family history of anemia, and excessive menstrual flow, so as to reduce the risk of anemia-related diseases during pregnancy.

关键词

贫血 / 血红蛋白 / 孕前优生检查 / 育龄妇女

Key words

anemia / hemoglobin / pre-pregnancy eugenics examination / women of childbearing age

参考文献

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基金资助

深圳市科创委科技计划项目(KJYY20180703173402020)