2021年广东省35~64岁妇女宫颈癌筛查现状分析

Analysis of the current status of cervical cancer screening among women aged 35-64 years old in Guangdong province in 2021

摘要

目的 了解2021年广东省户籍35~64岁适龄妇女宫颈癌筛查现状,为进一步优化筛查策略提供依据。方法 数据来源于2021年广东省21个地市的宫颈癌筛查情况报表,按照珠三角、粤东、粤西和粤北四个地区以及城市和农村分别进行分析,利用χ²检验进行率的差异的比较。结果 2021年广东省宫颈癌筛查率为64.30%,珠三角地区的宫颈癌筛查率(73.52%)高于粤东(45.60%)、粤西(50.14%)及粤北(67.15%)地区,城市地区(66.75%)高于农村地区(53.58%)。宫颈细胞学检查异常检出率、HPV检出率、联合筛查异常检出率以及阴道镜检查异常检出率在四个地区及城市农村地区间的差异均具有统计学意义(χ²值分别为5565.21、991.17、855.06以及2742.64,P<0.001)。广东省的宫颈癌及癌前病变检出率为478.14/10万,早诊率为90.84%,治疗率为72.86%。结论 广东省适龄妇女宫颈癌筛查工作整体上取得了一定成效,但不同地区筛查效果不一,经济发达地区的筛查效果更好。因此未来需优化卫生资源配置,进一步加强欠发达地区适龄妇女的宫颈癌筛查工作,更好地促进妇女健康。

Abstract

Objective To understand the current status of cervical cancer screening among women aged 35-64 years old with household registration in Guangdong province in 2021, and to provide a basis for further optimization of screening strategies. Methods Data were sourced from cervical cancer screening reports from 21 cities in Guangdong province in 2021. The analysis was conducted separately for the Pearl River Delta, eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong, and northern Guangdong regions, as well as urban and rural areas. The χ² test was used to compare differences in rates. Results The cervical cancer screening rate in Guangdong province in 2021 was 64.30%. The screening rate in the Pearl River Delta region (73.52%) was higher than that in eastern Guangdong (45.60%), western Guangdong (50.14%), and northern Guangdong (67.15%). The screening rate in urban areas (66.75%) was higher than that in rural areas (53.58%). Differences in the abnormal detection rates of cervical cytology, HPV detection, combined screening abnormalities, and colposcopy abnormalities among the four regions and between urban and rural areas were all statistically significant (χ²=5565.21, 991.17, 855.06, and 2742.64, respectively, P<0.001). The detection rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in Guangdong province was 478.14/100000, with an early diagnosis rate of 90.84% and a treatment rate of 72.86%. Conclusion Cervical cancer screening among women of appropriate age in Guangdong province has achieved certain results overall, but the screening effectiveness varies across different regions, with economically developed areas performing better. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the allocation of health resources and further strengthen cervical cancer screening for women of appropriate age in underdeveloped areas to better promote women's health.

关键词

宫颈癌筛查 / 检出率 / 细胞学筛查 / 阴道镜检查

Key words

cervical cancer screening / detection rate / cytological screening / colposcopy

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基金资助

广东省医学科研基金项目(C2022036)