梅州地区儿童肺炎支原体感染与环境气候因素的相关性分析

Correlation analysis between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children and environmental climatic factors in Meizhou

摘要

目的 探讨梅州地区儿童肺炎支原体(MP)感染与环境气候因素之间的关系,为该地区儿童肺炎支原体感染的预防提供数据支持.方法 选取2022年9月至2023年8月在本院儿科住院的743例确诊为肺炎的患儿作为研究对象.按照肺炎支原体抗体检查结果将患儿分为MP感染组(186例)和非MP感染组(557例).分析梅州地区儿童MP感染的流行特征及MP感染与环境气候因素间的相关性.结果 在743例确诊为肺炎的患儿中,男性MP感染率为22.15%(105/474),女性MP感染率为30.11%(81/269);0~<1岁、1~3岁、4~6岁、7~14岁患儿MP感染率分别是7.39%(15/203)、36.17%(85/235)、32.02%(57/178)、22.83%(29/127);春、夏、秋、冬季患儿MP感染率分别是25.97%(80/308)、29.34%(76/259)、16.05%(13/81)、17.89%(17/95).MP感染组和非MP感染组的性别、年龄、季节比例比较差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为5.793、54.167、8.772,P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,肺炎支原体抗体(MPIgM)阳性患者例数与降水量、温度、湿度、AQI、PM_2.5、PM₁₀呈正比(r=0.615,P=0.033;r=0.587,P=0.045;r=0.611,P=0.035;r=0.923,P=0.045;r=0.737,P=0.006;r=0.864,P<0.001);与地面风速呈反比(r=-0.589,P=0.044).结论 儿童肺炎支原体感染是梅州地区急性呼吸道感染的病原体之一,肺炎支原体感染女童和3岁以下患儿较多,全年皆有病例,春夏季高发.空气质量指标及环境气候指标与儿童肺炎支原体感染密切相关.

Abstract

Objective To investigate the relationship between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children and environmental climatic factors in Meizhou, providing data support for the prevention of MP infections in children in this area. Methods A total of 743 children diagnosed with pneumonia who were hospitalized in the department of Pediatrics from September 2022 to August 2023 were enrolled as the study subjects. According to the results of MP antibody tests, the children were divided into MP infection group (186 cases) and non-MP infection group (557 cases). To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of MP infection in children in Meizhou and the correlation between MP infection and environmental climatic factors. Results Among the 743 children diagnosed with pneumonia, the MP infection rate was 22.15% (105/474) in males and 30.11% (81/269) in females. The MP infection rates of children aged 0-<1 year, 1-3 years, 4-6 years and 7-14 years were 7.39% (15/203), 36.17% (85/235), 32.02% (57/178) and 22.83% (29/127), respectively. The MP infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 25.97% (80/308), 29.34% (76/259), 16.05% (13/81) and 17.89% (17/95), respectively. There were significant differences in gender, age, and seasonal proportions between MP and non-MP groups (χ ² values were 5.793, 54.167, 8.772, respectively, P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the number of MP-IgM-positive patients was directly proportional to precipitation, temperature, humidity, AQI, PM _2.5, and PM ₁₀ (r=0.615, P=0.033; r=0.587, P=0.045; r=0.611, P=0.035; r=0.923, P=0.045; r=0.737, P=0.006; r=0.864, P<0.001); inversely proportional to surface wind speed (r=-0.589, P=0.044). Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children is one of the pathogens of acute respiratory tract infection in Meizhou, and there are many cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in girls and children under 3 years old. Cases occur throughout the year, with a high incidence in spring and summer. Air quality indicators and environmental climatic indicators are closely related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children.

关键词

儿童 / 肺炎支原体感染 / 环境 / 气候 / 流行特征 / 相关性

Key words

children / Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection / environment / climate / popular characteristics / correlation

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基金资助

梅州市人民医院项目(2022B12)

梅州市科技计划项目(2022C0301102)