妊娠晚期孕妇维生素水平与妊娠并发症及妊娠结局的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between vitamin levels in late pregnancy and pregnancy complications and outcomes

摘要

目的 调查秦皇岛地区孕妇妊娠晚期维生素A、D、E水平并分析其与妊娠并发症的关系,为临床应用提供参考依据。方法 选取2019年8月至2023年6月于秦皇岛市第一医院就诊的380例妊娠晚期孕妇作为研究对象.于妊娠晚期检测所有孕妇血清维生素A、D、E水平,并根据孕妇血清维生素A、D、E水平是否正常分为维生素水平正常组(n=304)与维生素水平异常组(n=76).分析不同的血清维生素水平与妊娠期并发症、妊娠结局的关系。结果 380例孕晚期孕妇中,血清维生素A、D、E水平的异常率分别为16.32%(不足者占比15.53%,过量者占比0.79%)、13.16%(不足者占比12.11%,过量者占比1.05%)、11.31%(不足者占比0.26%,过量者占比11.05%).维生素水平正常组孕妇贫血、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压、子痫前期、巨大儿、宫内窘迫的发生率显著低于维生素水平异常组(χ²值分别为31.667、6.650、13.047、6.512、9.663、5.970,P<0.05).妊娠晚期维生素水平正常组孕妇的足月产占比为97.04%,明显高于维生素水平异常组的86.84%(χ²值为15.138,P<0.05)。结论 秦皇岛地区孕妇妊娠晚期血清维生素A、D异常以不足为主,血清维生素E异常以过量为主,维生素A、D、E水平与妊娠并发症和妊娠结局相关,临床上应监测血清维生素水平,预防妊娠期并发症及不良妊娠结局发生.

Abstract

Objective To investigate the levels of vitamins A, D and E in pregnant women during late pregnancy in Qinhuangdao and analyze their relationship with pregnancy complications, providing a reference for clinical application. Methods A total of 380 pregnant women in late pregnancy who received care at First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from August 2019 to June 2023 were selected for this study. Serum levels of vitamins A, D, and E were measured during late pregnancy. Based on whether serum vitamin A, D, and E levels were within the normal range, participants were divided into a normal vitamin level group (n=304) and an abnormal vitamin level group (n=76). The relationships between serum vitamin levels and pregnancy complications, as well as pregnancy outcomes, were analyzed. Results Among 380 pregnant women, the abnormal rates of serum vitamins A, D and E levels in the third trimester of pregnancy were 16.32%, 13.16% and 11.31%, respectively. For serum vitamin A, 15.53% had deficiencies and 0.79% had excessive levels; for vitamin D, 12.11% had deficiencies and 1.05% had excessive levels; for vitamin E, 0.26% had deficiencies and 11.05% had excessive levels. The incidences of anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, macrosomia, and intrauterine distress were significantly lower in the normal vitamin level group compared to the abnormal vitamin level group (χ²=31.667, 6.650, 13.047, 6.512, 9.663, and 5.970, respectively, P<0.05). The proportion of full-term births in the normal vitamin level group was 97.04%, significantly higher than the 86.84% observed in the abnormal vitamin level group (χ²=15.138, P<0.05). Conclusion In the Qinhuangdao region, vitamin A and D deficiencies were the main abnormalities in late pregnancy, while vitamin E excess was predominant. Serum levels of vitamins A, D, and E are associated with pregnancy complications and outcomes. Clinical monitoring of serum vitamin levels is essential to prevent pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes.

关键词

妊娠晚期 / 维生素水平 / 妊娠并发症 / 妊娠结局

Key words

late pregnancy / vitamin level / pregnancy complication / pregnancy outcome

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基金资助

2023年度市级科学技术研究与发展计划自筹经费项目(202301A031)