基于潜在剖面分析的学龄前儿童饮食行为特征及其影响因素探索

Exploration of dietary behavior characteristics and influencing factors in preschool children based on latent profile analysis

摘要

目的 分析学龄前儿童饮食行为特征的潜在类别,探讨不同饮食行为特征的影响因素,以期为儿童饮食行为干预提供参考。方法 于2021年3月至8月在西安市和济南市共选取5所幼儿园的689名学龄前儿童及其照护人为研究对象.使用该课题组前期开发的«学龄前儿童饮食行为量表»与一般资料调查表,对其主要照护人进行调查.运用潜在剖面分析提取学龄前儿童饮食行为特征类别,并将学龄前儿童饮食行为总体特征分为3个类别,第1类儿童有299人,第2类儿童有332人,第3类儿童有58人;采用单因素分析及有序多分类Logistic回归分析,探索不同饮食行为特征的影响因素。结果 在3个类别学龄前儿童饮食行为总体特征中,第1类(相对健康饮食行为组)占43.4%,该类儿童的挑食、食物响应、不良饮食习惯、过饱响应、外因性进食、情绪性进食及主动进食能力7个维度得分均为最低;第2类(饮食行为易受环境因素影响组)占48.2%,该类儿童的7个维度得分均处于中间位置,且外因性进食维度得分接近该维度得分的最高值;第3类(不良饮食行为组)占8.4%,该类儿童7个维度得分均为最高.不同饮食行为特征组学龄前儿童的挑食、食物响应、不良饮食习惯、过饱响应、外因性进食、情绪性进食、主动进食能力得分比较,差异均具有统计学意义(F值分别为257.263、196.478、425.032、253.867、114.783、307.666、241.805,P<0.05).不同饮食行为特征组的儿童年龄(H=69.585)、儿童BMI(H=18.429)、照护人年龄(H=23.818)、照护人BMI(H=17.294)、家庭月总收入(H=66.594)、与儿童亲属关系(χ²=10.407)的分布比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01).有序多分类Logistic回归分析显示,儿童年龄在4~岁(OR=4.297,95%CI:2.627~7.028)和5~6岁(OR=5.600,95%CI:3.520~8.910)、照护人BMI超重(OR=1.754,95%CI:1.184~2.600)、家庭月收入≥5000元(OR=0.323,95%CI:0.229~0.457)均是学龄前儿童饮食行为特征的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童的饮食行为存在明显的异质性,年龄较大、照护人超重且家庭月总收入较低的儿童是不良饮食行为的重点人群.

Abstract

Objective To analyze the latent categories of dietary behavior characteristics in preschool children and explore the influencing factors of different dietary behavior characteristics, providing a reference for dietary behavior intervention in children. Methods A total of 689 preschool children and their caregivers from five kindergartens in Xi′an City and Jinan City were selected as study participants from March to August 2021. The caregivers were surveyed using the Preschool Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire developed by the research team and a general information questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to identify the dietary behavior characteristic categories of preschool children. The overall dietary behavior characteristics of preschool children were divided into three categories: the first group included 299 children, the second group included 332 children, and the third group included 58 children. Univariate analysis and ordinal multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of different dietary behavior characteristics. Results Among the three categories of overall dietary behavior characteristics of preschool children, the first category (relatively healthy dietary behavior group) accounted for 43.4%, with the lowest scores in seven dimensions: picky eating, food response, poor eating habits, oversaturation response, exogenous eating, emotional eating and active eating ability. The second category (dietary behavior susceptible to environmental factors group) accounted for 48.2%, with scores in the middle range across the seven dimensions, and a relatively high score in the exogenous eating dimension (3.13±0.45). The third category (unhealthy dietary behavior group) accounted for 8.4%, with the highest scores in all seven dimensions. Significant differences were observed in the scores for picky eating, food response, poor eating habits, oversaturation response, exogenous eating, emotional eating and active eating ability among the different dietary behavior groups (F=257.263, 196.478, 425.032, 253.867, 114.783, 307.666 and 241.805, respectively, P<0.05). Differences in the distribution of children's age (H=69.585), children's BMI (H=18.429), caregivers' age (H=23.818), caregivers' BMI (H=17.294), total monthly family income (H=66.594), and caregiver-child relationship (χ²=10.407) were also statistically significant (P<0.01). Ordinal multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that children's age between 4-5 years (OR=4.297, 95%CI: 2.627-7.028) and 5-6 years (OR=5.600, 95%CI: 3.520-8.910), caregivers being overweight (OR=1.754, 95%CI: 1.184-2.600), and a total monthly family income of ≥5000 yuan (OR=0.323, 95%CI: 0.229-0.457) were the main influencing factors of dietary behavior characteristics in preschool children (P<0.05). Conclusion Dietary behavior in preschool children shows significant heterogeneity. Children who are older, have overweight caregivers, and come from families with lower monthly incomes are key populations for unhealthy dietary behavior interventions.

关键词

学龄前儿童 / 饮食行为 / 潜在剖面分析 / 影响因素

Key words

preschool children / dietary behavior / latent profile analysis / influencing factor

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(82173627)