陕西省孕妇胆碱和甜菜碱摄入状况及其影响因素

Choline and betaine intake in pregnant women in Shaanxi province and their influencing factors

摘要

目的 了解陕西省孕妇膳食中胆碱和甜菜碱的摄入情况,分析其影响因素。方法 运用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,利用2013年在陕西省开展的一项调查研究数据,选取陕西省30个区(县)共7375名孕妇为研究对象.采用标准化问卷、半定量食物频率问卷进行调查,使用多元线性回归模型分析胆碱和甜菜碱摄入的影响因素,建立结构方程模型,探索各影响因素的作用路径。结果 陕西省孕妇胆碱的摄入量为(321.05±159.67)mg/d,甜菜碱摄入量为(49.82±51.68)mg/d.胆碱的主要食物来源为谷薯类、蛋类、蔬菜水果类、奶类,贡献比例分别为38.62%、22.86%、11.15%、9.98%.甜菜碱的主要食物来源为谷薯类和蔬菜水果类,贡献比例分别为55.67%和37.70%.线性回归分析显示,居住城市、受教育程度为高中及以上、非农民职业、产检次数≥6次、孕期服用叶酸因素与胆碱和甜菜碱摄入量均呈正相关(P<0.05),其中胆碱对应的β(95%CI)分别为:30.155(20.788~39.522)、37.785(23.246~52.323)、11.230(2.467~19.993)、15.599(7.660~23.537)、23.542(15.665~31.419),甜菜碱对应的β(95%CI)分别为:4.980(1.863~8.096)、7.664(2.827~12.501)、3.224(0.308~6.139)、4.411(1.770~7.052)、3.953(1.393~6.512).结构方程模型分析显示,陕西省孕妇社会人口学因素对孕期胆碱、甜菜碱摄入量具有直接和间接作用,路径系数分别为0.166和0.101(胆碱)、0.078和0.070(甜菜碱).孕期行为对胆碱、甜菜碱摄入量具有直接作用,路径系数分别为0.128、0.089。结论 陕西省孕妇胆碱和甜菜碱的摄入量偏低,影响因素包括孕妇社会人口学特征和孕期行为,应采取针对性的措施改善孕妇膳食状况.

Abstract

Objective To understand the dietary intake of choline and betaine in pregnant women in Shaanxi Province, and to analyze their influencing factors. Methods A total of 7375 pregnant women from 30 districts (counties) in Shaanxi Province were selected as the study subjects using the method of multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, and the data of a survey conducted in Shaanxi Province in 2013 were used. Standardized questionnaires and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires were used to investigate, multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of choline and betaine intake, and structural equation models were established to explore the action paths of each influencing factor. Results The average intake of choline in pregnant women in Shaanxi Province was (321.05±159.67) mg/d, and the intake of betaine was (49.82±51.68) mg/d. The main food sources of choline were cereals and potatoes, eggs, vegetables and fruits, and milk, with the contribution ratios of 38.62%, 22.86%, 11.15%, and 9.98%, respectively. The main food sources of betaine were cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, with a contribution of 55.67% and 37.70%, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between urban residence, high school education level or above, non-farmer occupation, number of prenatal examinations ≥6, and folic acid intake during pregnancy with choline and betaine intake (P<0.05), with the β (95%CI) for choline intake being 30.155 (20.788-39.522), 37.785 (23.246-52.323), 11.230 (2.467-19.993), 15.599 (7.660-23.537) and 23.542 (15.665-31.419), respectively, and the β (95%CI) for betaine intake being 4.980 (1.863-8.096), 7.664 (2.827-12.501), 3.224 (0.308-6.139), 4.411 (1.770-7.052) and 3.953 (1.393-6.512), respectively. The structural equation models showed that socio-demographic factors of pregnant women in Shaanxi Province had direct and indirect effects on choline and betaine intakes, with the path coefficients being 0.166 and 0.101 for choline intake, and 0.078 and 0.070 for betaine intake, respectively. Maternal behaviors in pregnancy had direct effects on choline and betaine intakes, with the path coefficients being were 0.128 and 0.089, respectively. Conclusion The intake of choline and betaine in pregnant women in Shaanxi Province was low, and the influencing factors included the sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy behavior of pregnant women, and targeted measures should be taken to improve the dietary status of pregnant women.

关键词

胆碱 / 甜菜碱 / 孕妇 / 膳食摄入 / 影响因素

Key words

choline / betaine / pregnant woman / dietary intake / influencing factor

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(82103852)

中国博士后科学基金(2023M742777)

国家自然科学基金(81230016)