青海省5岁以下儿童营养不良现况及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in Qinghai Province

摘要

目的 了解青海省5岁以下儿童的营养不良现况,探讨影响儿童营养状况的各种因素。方法 于2022年8月至2023年9月在青海省内的西宁市、海东市、海北州、海南州、海西州、黄南州、果洛州和玉树州,采用方便抽样原则抽取8374名5岁以下儿童进行调查.采用统一制定的调查问卷收集儿童基本情况、母亲妊娠期情况、主要照看人及家庭基本情况,采用统一的仪器测量儿童的身长(身高)和体重.分别计算年龄别身高(身长)、年龄别体重、身高(身长)别体重的Z评分,评估儿童的生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率、超重率和肥胖率.采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响儿童营养不良的因素。结果 本研究共检出儿童营养不良1952例(23．31％),其中消瘦为684例(8．17％),超重为469例(5．60％),肥胖为208例(2．48％),生长迟缓为809例(9．66％),低体重为285例(3．40％).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示性别为女孩、月龄较大、分娩方式为剖宫产、主要照看人文化程度为大专及以上为儿童营养不良的保护因素(OR值介于0．647~0．877之间,P＜0．05),低出生体重、家庭规模属于非独生子女家庭为儿童营养不良的危险性因素(OR值介于1．214~1．468,P＜0．05)。结论 儿童营养问题不容忽视,应针对性别、出生体重、月龄、家庭规模等影响因素进行个体化干预,以改善儿童的营养状况.

Abstract

Objective To investigate the current situation of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in Qinghai Province and to explore the factors affecting the nutritional status of children. Methods From August 2022 to September 2023, 8374 children under the age of 5 were selected for the survey using the convenience sampling principle in Xining, Haidong, Haibei, Hainan, Haixi, Huangnan, Guoluo and Yushu Prefectures in Qinghai Province. A unified questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of the child, the mother's pregnancy, the main caregiver and the family, and the child's length (height) and weight were measured with a unified instrument. The Z-scores of height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height (length) were calculated separately to assess the rates of stunting, underweight, wasting, overweight, and obesity in children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting child malnutrition. Results A total of 1952 cases (23.31%) were detected in this study, including 684 cases (8.17%) of children who were emaciated, 469 cases (5.60%) who were overweight, 208 cases (2.48%) who were obese, 809 cases (9.66%) of growth retardation, and 285 cases (3.40%) of those who were underweight. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the gender of girl, older months, cesarean section of delivery, and college education level of the main caregiver were the protective factors for child malnutrition (OR values ranged from 0.647-0.877, P<0.05), and low birth weight and family size belonged to non-single-child families as risk factors for child malnutrition (OR values ranged from 1.214-1.468, P<0.05). Conclusion Children's nutrition should not be ignored, and individualized interventions should be carried out according to gender, birth weight, age in months, family size and other influencing factors to improve children's nutritional status.

关键词

儿童 / 营养不良 / 消瘦 / 生长迟缓 / 低体重 / 影响因素

Key words

children / malnutrition / wasting / growth retardation / underweight / influencing factor

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基金资助

青海大学附属医院中青年科研基金项目(ASRF-G2021GYBG12)