北京市儿童青少年不同学段睡眠现状及相关因素分析

Analysis of sleep status and associated factors among children and adolescents at different educational levels in Beijing

摘要

目的 本研究旨在分析和探讨北京市中小学生的睡眠特征及相关影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查方法,通过随机整群抽样收集2022年至2023年间北京市某区10所中小学学生的基本信息、家族疾病史、运动及行为生活方式情况、睡眠情况等内容.采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响睡眠时长达标的相关因素。结果 共5241名学生参与调查,平均年龄(10.5±3.0)岁,男生占比50.9%.学生的就寝时间随学段升高而延后,睡眠时长随学段升高逐渐缩短,总体睡眠不足率为81.4%,睡眠严重不足率为32.1%.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别为女生、处于初中学段、近距离屏幕暴露时间长、近距离学习用眼时间长者更不容易睡眠时长达标(OR值介于0.50~0.93之间,P<0.05),而每日运动时间≥3小时的学生睡眠达标的可能性较高(OR=3.10,P<0.05)。结论 北京市中小学生的睡眠状况不容乐观,睡眠不足率较高.屏幕暴露时间和作业负担是影响学生睡眠的重要因素,而适量的运动可能有助于改善睡眠质量.迫切需要实施针对性的干预策略,以改善学生的睡眠状况,保障其身心健康并提升学业表现.

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to analyze the sleep characteristics and associated influencing factors among. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Basic demographic information, family medical history, physical activity and lifestyle behaviors, and sleep-related data were collected from students in 10 primary and secondary schools in one district of Beijing between 2022 and 2023. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with meeting recommended sleep duration. Results A total of 5,241 students participated in the survey, with a mean age of 10.5±3.0 years, and 50.9% were male. Bedtimes were progressively delayed and sleep durations gradually shortened with increasing school grade. The overall insufficient sleep rate was 81.4%, with a severe insufficiency rate of 32.1%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that being female, attending junior high school, longer daily screen exposure, and extended near-work activities were associated with lower odds of achieving sufficient sleep duration (OR=0.50-0.93, P<0.05). In contrast, students who engaged in ≥3 hours of physical activity per day were significantly more likely to meet the recommended sleep duration (OR=3.10, P<0.05). Conclusion The sleep status of primary and secondary school students in Beijing is concerning, with a high prevalence of insufficient sleep. Excessive screen exposure and academic workload are key negative factors, while adequate physical activity may help improve sleep quality. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to enhance students' sleep health, safeguard their physical and mental well-being, and support academic performance.

关键词

儿童 / 青少年 / 学生 / 睡眠 / 屏幕暴露 / 运动 / 影响因素

Key words

child / adolescent / sleep / student / screen exposure / physical activity / influencing factor

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基金资助

首都儿科研究所所级课题(JCYJG2025G08)

国家自然科学基金(H82103862)

首都医学科研发展基金(首发2024G2GG1136)

北京市属医学科研院所公益发展改革试点项目(BMR2021G3)