我国各级妇幼保健机构婚前保健门诊及服务情况调查

Investigation of premarital health care clinics and services in maternal and child health institutions at all levels in China

摘要

目的 了解全国各地妇幼保健机构婚前保健门诊开展情况及服务能力,为政府加大婚前保健力度及进一步提升婚前保健工作水平提供建议。方法 采用自行设计的婚前保健服务现状调查表,于2022年对全国31个省(区、市)的各级妇幼保健机构婚前保健门诊开设及服务情况开展调查。结果 在调查的359所妇幼保健机构中,294所机构(省级17家、地市级67家、县区级210家)开设了婚前保健门诊,省级、地市级和县区级机构的婚前保健门诊开设比例分别为54.8%、72.0%、89.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=30.228,P<0.01);各级婚前保健门诊可提供基本婚前医学检查、婚育健康咨询和指导等基本服务;248家(84.4%)妇幼保健机构开发了婚前保健健康教育材料,各级婚前保健门诊阅读量大于1万的科普作品平均数量、被引用作品平均数量以及被推送至地市级以上平台的科普作品平均数量均为0种;省级、地市级和县区级建立并实行“一站式”婚育综合服务模式等特色服务的机构数量分别为8家(占47.1%)、29家(占43.3%)和129家(占61.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.452,P<0.05).省级、地市级和县区级婚前保健门诊利用互联网+服务平台开展在线便民服务的比例分别为82.4%、62.7%和58.6%,差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.853,P>0.05)。结论 各级妇幼保健机构普遍开设了婚前保健门诊且可以提供婚前保健基本服务、特色服务和延伸服务,并具备一定的服务能力,但还应因地制宜,借助互联网+平台广泛提供婚前医学检查在线预约等便民惠民服务,提高服务质量和水平,并以需求为导向,提高科普作品影响力,促进育龄人群主动寻求婚前保健服务意愿.

Abstract

Objective To understand the development and service capacity of premarital health care clinics in maternal and child health care institutions across the country, and to provide suggestions for the government to increase the intensity of premarital health care and further improve the level of premarital health care. Methods A self-designed questionnaire on the current situation of premarital health care services was adopted to investigate the establishment and service conditions of premarital health care clinics in maternal and child health care institutions at all levels in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country in 2022. Results Among the 359 maternal and child health care institutions investigated, 294 institutions (17 at the provincial level, 67 at the municipal level, and 210 at the county level) set up premarital health care clinics. The proportions of provincial, municipal, and county-level institutions offering such clinics were 54.8%, 72.0%, and 89.4%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ²=30.228, P<0.01). All levels of premarital health care clinics can provide basic services such as basic premarital medical examinations, marriage and childbearing health consultations and guidance. A total of 248 (84.4%) maternal and child health care institutions developed health education materials for premarital health care. The average number of popular science works with a reading volume of more than 10 000 at all levels of premarital health care clinics, the average number of cited works, and the average number of popular science works pushed to platforms at or above the municipal level were all zero. The number of institutions that established and implemented the “one-stop” comprehensive marriage and childbearing service model and other characteristic services at the provincial, municipal and county-levels was 8 (accounting for 47.1%), 29 (accounting for 43.3%) and 129 (accounting for 61.4%) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=7.452, P<0.05). The proportions of provincial, municipal and county-level premarital health care clinics providing online convenient services through the Internet plus service platform were 82.4%, 62.7% and 58.6% respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ²=3.853, P>0.05). Conclusion All levels of maternal and child health care institutions have generally set up premarital health care clinics and can provide basic, characteristic and extended services of premarital health care, and have certain service capabilities. However, they should also adapt to local conditions, widely provide convenient and beneficial services such as online appointment for premarital medical examinations through the Internet plus platform, improve the quality and level of services, and take demand as the guide to enhance the influence of popular science works. Promote the willingness of people of childbearing age to actively seek premarital health care services.

关键词

妇幼保健机构 / 婚前保健 / 门诊 / 服务情况调查

Key words

maternal and child health institution / premarital health care / clinic / service survey

参考文献

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划资助(2022YFC2703801)

国家重点研发计划资助(2023YFC2705501)