我国妇幼保健机构心理健康服务人才队伍现状调查研究

Investigation and research on the current situation of mental health service talent team in maternal and child health care institutions in China

摘要

目的 调查我国妇幼保健机构心理健康服务人才队伍现状,为完善我国妇幼心理健康服务人才队伍建设高质量发展提供依据。方法 2023年8至10月,采用横断面研究设计,通过分层抽样的方式,在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)、140个地市、349个区/县中纳入513家各级妇幼保健机构为研究对象。按照年度、地区、机构分层进行差异分析,利用描述性统计、卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法进行分析。结果 向520个妇幼保健机构发放调查问卷,回收有效问卷513份,回收率98.65%。2020-2022年,精神科医师、心理科/门诊执业护士、心理治疗师、心理咨询师人数均呈现增长态势,截至2022年底,机构各类人力配置均值分别达到0.67、3.53、1.34和1.93人;2020-2022年,中西部地区均存在人力配置负增长现象,护士在区县级机构人力配置水平最高,在西部地区增速明显;各级机构举办心理保健培训班的情况差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 人才是制约我国妇幼心理健康服务发展的重要因素。心理治疗师与心理咨询师是心理健康服务重要力量。护士群体心理服务潜能挖掘和地市级培训资源的倾斜是提高区县级和西部地区妇幼保健机构心理健康服务能力的重要手段与抓手。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the current situation of the mental health service talent team in maternal and child health care institutions in China,and to provide a basis for improving the high-quality development of the mental health service talent team in maternal and child health care institutions in China. Methods From August to October 2023,a cross-sectional study design was adopted,and 513 maternal and child health care institutions at all levels in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government),140 prefectures,and 349 districts/counties across the country were included as research subjects through stratified sampling.Differences were analyzed by year,region,and institution,and descriptive statistics,chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used for analysis. Results A total of 520 maternal and child health care institutions were surveyed,and 513 valid questionnaires were returned,with a recovery rate of 98.65%.From 2020 to 2022,the number of psychiatrists,psychological department/clinic practicing nurses,psychological therapist,and psychological counselors all showed an increasing trend.By the end of 2022,the average number of various personnel in institutions had reached 0.67,3.53,1.34,and 1.93 respectively.From 2020 to 2022,there was a negative growth in personnel allocation in the central and western regions.Nurses had the highest personnel allocation level in county-level institutions,and the growth rate was significant in the western region.There were statistically significant differences in the situation of psychological health training courses held by institutions at all levels (P<0.001). Conclusion Talent is an important factor restricting the development of mental health services for women and children in China.Psychological therapist and psychological counselors are important forces in mental health services.Uncovering the potential of the nurse group in psychological services and tilting training resources towards prefectural-level cities are important means and approaches to improve the mental health service capacity of county-level and western region maternal and child health care institutions.

关键词

心理健康 / 人才队伍 / 心理治疗师 / 心理咨询师 / 护士 / 妇幼保健机构

Key words

mental health / talent team / psychological therapist / psychological counselors / nurse / maternal and child health care institution

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2703801)

国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2705501)