早产儿3周岁体适能水平分析

Analysis of physical fitness levels of premature infants at the age of 3 years old

摘要

目的 分析早产儿3周岁时的体适能水平及主要影响因素,为早产儿保健提供依据、为入园提供指导。方法 随机选取2018年1月至2019年9月出生并在南京医科大学附属妇产医院儿童保健科门诊建档随访的3周岁早产儿,进行体适能测评并采用t检验、F检验分析不同出生体重、出生胎龄、性别分组中相关指标的变化。结果 3周岁早产儿体适能明显落后于同龄儿童,综合评级为合格及以上人数占比(48.51%)远低于与2021年江苏省同龄儿童平均水平(76.79%)。早产儿出生时体重、胎龄、身长与体适能评估总分均呈正相关(r值分别为0.364,0.322,0.386,P<0.05)。超级低出生体重儿体重追赶、极早早产儿下肢爆发力明显落后于其他早产儿,差异有统计学意义(F=3.062、6.990,P<0.05)。男童组的体重明显优于女童组,差异有统计学意义(t值为3.214,P<0.05)。结论 出生体重、胎龄和身长是3周岁早产儿体适能水平发展的重要影响因素。超级低出生体重儿和极早早产儿在3周岁时,体适能水平与同龄其他早产儿仍有明显的差距。因此,早期识别早产儿的异常体适能水平,有助于实施早期综合干预及促进措施。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the physical fitness levels and main influencing factors of 3-year-old premature infants,and to provide a basis for early infant health care and guidance for enrollment. Methods Randomly select 3-year-old premature infants who were born from January 2018 to September 2019 and were registered and followed up at the Department of Child Health Care of the Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.Conduct physical fitness assessments and use t-tests and F-tests to analyze the changes in relevant indicators in different groups based on birth weight,birth gestational age,and gender. Results The physical fitness of 3-year-old premature infants was significantly lower than that of children of the same age.The proportion of those with a comprehensive rating of qualified or above (48.51%) was much lower than the average level of 76.79% of children of the same age in Jiangsu Province in 2021.The birth weight,gestational age,and height of premature infants were positively correlated with the total score of physical fitness assessment (r=0.364,0.322,and 0.386,respectively,P<0.05).Super low birth weight infants and extremely premature infants had significantly lower body fitness levels compared to other premature infants,and the differences were statistically significant (F=3.062,6.990,P<0.05).The weight of the boy group was significantly better than that of the girl group,and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.214,P<0.05). Conclusion Birth weight,gestational age,and height are important influencing factors for the development of physical fitness levels in 3-year-old premature infants.At the age of 3,the physical fitness levels of super low birth weight infants and extremely premature infants still have a significant gap compared to other premature infants of the same age.Therefore,early identification of abnormal physical fitness levels in premature infants is helpful for implementing early comprehensive intervention and promotion measures.

关键词

早产儿 / 3周岁 / 体适能 / 早期综合干预

Key words

premature infant / 3-year-old / physical fitness / early comprehensive intervention

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基金资助

江苏省妇幼健康科研项目(F201902)