妊娠期糖尿病孕妇孕期运动干预相关研究进展

Progress in research on exercise intervention during pregnancy for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

摘要

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是妊娠期常见的代谢性疾病,可增加产后出血、胎儿窘迫、早产、难产及新生儿低血糖等多种不良妊娠结局的发生风险。控制血糖是GDM管理的核心目标。运动干预作为一种简便、经济且有效的非药物手段,在GDM防治中具有重要价值。目前,针对GDM孕妇的规范化运动方案(包括运动类型、强度、频率和时长)仍缺乏统一标准,关于运动降低GDM并发症的具体机制尚未完全阐明。本综述旨在为构建基于循证的GDM运动干预体系、优化血糖管理策略提供科学依据,并为未来开展精准化运动干预研究指明方向。

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder during pregnancy that increases risk of various adverse pregnancy outcomes,such as postpartum hemorrhage,fetal distress,preterm birth,dystocia and neonatal hypoglycemia.Blood glucose control is the core objective of GDM management.Exercise intervention,as a simple,economical and effective non-pharmacological approach,plays a significant role in prevention and treatment of GDM.Currently,there is still a lack of standardized exercise protocol (including exercise type,intensity,frequency and duration) for pregnant women with GDM,and the specific mechanisms how exercise reduces GDM-related complications remain unclear.This review aims to provide a scientific basis for establishing an evidence-based exercise intervention system for GDM and optimizing blood glucose management strategies,and to point a way for future research on precious personalized exercise interventions.

关键词

妊娠期糖尿病 / 孕期 / 运动干预 / 糖代谢异常 / 妊娠结局

Key words

gestational diabetes mellitus / pregnancy / exercise intervention / abnormal glucose metabolism / pregnancy outcome

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基金资助

首都科技发展重点研发项目(首发2022-1G-2113)

癌症、心脑血管、呼吸和代谢性疾病防治研究国家科技重大专项(2024ZD0532104)