胎儿神经管畸形的预防与治疗研究进展

Progress in research on prevention and treatment of fetal neural tube defects

摘要

神经管畸形(NTDs)是胚胎发育过程中因神经管闭合障碍所致的先天性畸形,已成为影响人口质量的重大公共卫生挑战。目前预防策略主要包括叶酸及其他营养素的补充,并强调改善母体生活环境以减少有害暴露。而在治疗方面,产前手术和产后修复手术已取得一定进展,但仍存在技术局限性和并发症风险。未来发展方向包括干细胞疗法和组织工程技术的应用,这些新技术展现出了广阔前景,为 NTDs的治疗带来了全新的希望,但仍需进一步研究以实现临床转化。本文综述了胎儿神经管畸形的预防与治疗研究进展,为妇幼保健工作者和研究者提供参考。

Abstract

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations caused by failure to neural tube closure during embryonic development,and pose a significant public health challenge that impacts population quality.Current preventive strategies mainly include supplementation of folic acid and other nutrients and emphasizes improving maternal living environment to reduce harmful exposures.In terms of treatment,prenatal and postnatal repair surgeries have achieved some progress,yet technical limitations and complication risks remain.Future treatment directions involve in application of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering technologies,which show broad prospects and offer new hope for the treatment of NTDs,though further researches are needed to realize clinical translation of these new technologies.This article reviews recent advances in research on prevention and treatment of fetal NTDs,so as to provide references for maternal and child health professionals and researchers.

关键词

神经管畸形 / 预防策略 / 叶酸 / 手术治疗 / 干细胞治疗

Key words

neural tube defect / prevention strategy / folic acid / surgical treatment / stem cell therapy

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(82571960)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(82502070)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(82271730)