职业女性妊娠期高血压和妊娠糖尿病的发病特点及危险因素分析

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of pregnancy-induced hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus in working women

摘要

目的 本研究旨在分析职业女性妊娠期高血压(PIH)和妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的发病特点及相关危险因素,重点探讨职业因素对妊娠期孕产妇健康的潜在影响。方法 本横断面研究共纳入231名孕妇,包括健康组(n=92),PIH组(n=68)和GDM组(n=71)。研究人员从四川省广元市中心医院产科招募了参与者,收集了人口统计学特征、生活方式因素、饮食习惯、就业特征、血压、血糖水平、激素谱和睡眠模式等数据。采用描述性统计、相关分析、显著性检验和Logistic回归分析等统计方法评价各因素与PIH和GDM发生的相关性。结果 三组孕妇在年龄、体质指数(BMI)、体力活动、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、工作时间及工作压力水平等(F/χ²介于7.637~228.634,P<0.001)方面差异均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、工作时间、工作压力水平、每日热量摄入、碳水化合物摄入量及雌激素水平增加PIH(OR值介于1.002~4.500)和GDM(OR值介于1.005~7.550)的发生风险(P<0.05),而体力活动、纤维摄入量、空腹胰岛素水平、孕酮水平、睡眠持续时间及睡眠质量降低PIH(OR值介于0.008~0.890)和GDM(OR值介于0.002~0.740)发生风险(P<0.05)。结论 职业女性的年龄、体质指数、血压、空腹血糖、职业相关因素、饮食因素、激素水平及睡眠状况可能是其发生妊娠期高血压和妊娠期糖尿病的危险因素,体力活动、纤维摄入量、空腹胰岛素水平、孕酮水平及良好睡眠可能是其保护因素。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in working women,with a particular focus on the potential impact of occupational factors on maternal health during pregnancy. Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 231 pregnant women,consisting of a healthy group (n=92),a PIH group (n=68),and a GDM group (n=71).The researchers recruited participants from the Department of Obstetrics at Guangyuan Central Hospital in Sichuan Province and collected data on demographic characteristics,lifestyle factors,dietary habits,occupational characteristics,blood pressure,blood glucose levels,hormone profiles,and sleep patterns.Statistical methods including descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,significance testing,and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the associations between each factor and the occurrence of PIH and GDM. Results There were statistically significant differences among the three groups of pregnant women in terms of age,body mass index (BMI),physical activity,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,working hours,and work stress level (F/χ ² values ranging from 7.637 to 228.634,P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,BMI,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,working hours,work stress level,daily caloric intake,carbohydrate intake,and estrogen levels increased the risk of PIH (OR values ranging from 1.002 to 4.500) and GDM (OR values ranging from 1.005 to 7.550,P<0.05),while physical activity,fiber intake,fasting insulin levels,progesterone levels,sleep duration,and sleep quality decreased the risk of PIH (OR values ranging from 0.008 to 0.890) and GDM (OR values ranging from 0.002 to 0.740,P<0.05). Conclusion The occurrence of PIH and GDM in working women is closely related to age,BMI,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,occupational factors,dietary factors,hormone levels,and sleep patterns.Among these,physical activity,fiber intake,fasting insulin levels,progesterone levels,and adequate sleep may be protective factors.

关键词

职业女性 / 妊娠期高血压 / 妊娠期糖尿病 / 发病特点 / 风险因素

Key words

working woman / pregnancy-induced hypertension / gestational diabetes mellitus / epidemiological characteristic / risk factor

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基金资助

广元市指导性科技计划项目(19ZDYF0103)